Table 3.
Risk of prostate cancer, metastatic prostate cancer, and prostate cancer mortality among statin users, non-statin lipid-lowering medication (NSLLM) users, non-users, and glaucoma medication users
| No. of events | Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | P value | Fully-adjusted HR† (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statin Users (n=80,282) vs. Non-users (n=184,538) | |||||
| Total prostate cancer | 8926 | 1.06 (1.01-1.11) | 0.009 | 1.07 (1.02-1.12) | 0.003 |
| Metastatic prostate cancer | 1095 | 0.67 (0.59-0.77) | <0.0001 | 0.69 (0.61-0.79) | <0.0001 |
| Prostate cancer mortality | 1635 | 0.71 (0.64-0.79) | <0.0001 | 0.73 (0.66-0.81) | <0.0001 |
| NSLLM Users (n=20,251) vs. Non-users (n = 185,589) | |||||
| Total prostate cancer | 8136 | 1.05 (0.98-1.13) | 0.16 | 1.14 (1.06-1.22) | 0.0006 |
| Metastatic prostate cancer | 926 | 0.69 (0.54-0.87) | 0.002 | 0.67 (0.52-0.85) | 0.001 |
| Prostate cancer mortality | 1459 | 0.79 (0.66-0.95) | 0.01 | 0.83 (0.69-0.99) | 0.04 |
| “Pure” NSLLM Users (n=8,444) vs. Non-users (n=147,455)‡ | |||||
| Total prostate cancer | 6614 | 1.04 (0.95-1.15) | 0.41 | 1.02 (0.93-1.12) | 0.68 |
| Metastatic prostate cancer | 739 | 0.61 (0.43-0.85) | 0.004 | 0.63 (0.45-0.89) | 0.008 |
| Prostate cancer mortality | 1259 | 0.75 (0.60-0.94) | 0.01 | 0.77 (0.62-0.97) | 0.02 |
| Statin Users (n=77,453) vs. Glaucoma Medication Users (n=7,331) | |||||
| Total prostate cancer | 3432 | 0.87 (0.78-0.97) | 0.009 | 1.02 (0.92-1.14) | 0.71 |
| Metastatic prostate cancer | 362 | 0.58 (0.45-0.75) | <0.0001 | 0.52 (0.40-0.68) | <0.0001 |
| Prostate cancer mortality | 603 | 0.58 (0.47-0.70) | <0.0001 | 0.51 (0.41-0.63) | <0.0001 |
| NSLLM Users (n=18,865) vs. Glaucoma Medication Users (n=11,203) | |||||
| Total prostate cancer | 1406 | 0.97 (0.87-1.08) | 0.59 | 1.08 (0.95-1.22) | 0.24 |
| Metastatic prostate cancer | 168 | 0.62 (0.45-0.86) | 0.004 | 0.57 (0.41-0.79) | 0.0008 |
| Prostate cancer mortality | 292 | 0.68 (0.54-0.87) | 0.002 | 0.66 (0.51-0.85) | 0.001 |
| “Pure” NSLLM Users (n=7,816) vs. Glaucoma Medication Users (n=9,386)‡ | |||||
| Total prostate cancer | 986 | 1.06 (0.93-1.22) | 0.39 | 1.10 (0.96-1.26) | 0.18 |
| Metastatic prostate cancer | 130 | 0.53 (0.34-0.80) | 0.003 | 0.50 (0.33-0.76) | 0.001 |
| Prostate cancer mortality | 235 | 0.66 (0.49-0.87) | 0.004 | 0.65 (0.49-0.87) | 0.003 |
†
Hazard ratio (HR) adjusted for age at index, index year, diabetes, and use of alpha-blockers, 5α-reductase inhibitors, and other lipid-lowering medication.
‡
For analyses of “Pure” NSLLM users vs. non-users, and “Pure” NSLLM users vs. glaucoma medication users, none of the men used statins.