Figure 1. TGFβ1 antagonizes BMP/Smad1/5 signaling.
Primary sclerotome was treated with (A) vehicle control (−) or TGFβ1 (T) for 8hrs or (B) BMP4 (B) and BMP4 plus TGFβ1(B/T) for 24hrs. Relative pSmad1/5 levels were determined by Immunoblot assay. Bands on the blots were quantified by densitometry and pSmad1/5 levels were normalized to total Smad1 α-Tubulin was used as a protein loading control. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis between independent samples. (n=3).