Table 3B.
Adjusted HR for major amputations and 95% CIs for type 1 diabetes vs controls, time-updated mean HbA1c categories, albuminuria categories, and eGFR categories examined by Cox regression
| Amputation above ankle | HR (95% CI), p value | |||
| Diabetes duration 30years | Diabetes duration 40years | Diabetes duration 50years | Diabetes duration 60years | |
| Overall | ||||
| Controls (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Group all type 1 diabetes with no prior amputation | 21.4 (16.6 to 27.5)* | 27.3 (21.5 to 34.5)* | 34.8 (27.1 to 44.7)* | 44.4 (33.2 to 59.4)* |
| Time-updated mean HbA1c categories | ||||
| ≤52 mmol/mol (≤6.9%) | 8.1 (5.3 to 12.2)* | 10.8 (7.3 to 16.0)* | 14.4 (9.7 to 21.5)* | 19.3 (12.6 to 29.4)* |
| 53–62 mmol/mol (7.0%–7.8%) | 13.2 (9.8 to 17.8)* | 17.6 (13.3 to 23.3)* | 23.5 (17.7 to 31.4)* | 31.5 (22.8 to 43.3)* |
| 63–72 mmol/mol (7.9%–8.7%) | 18.6 (14.0 to 24.8)* | 24.9 (19.1 to 32.5)* | 33.3 (25.3 to 43.8)* | 44.5 (32.6 to 60.7)* |
| 73–82 mmol/mol (8.8%–9.6%) | 30.6 (22.8 to 41.1)* | 40.9 (30.9 to 54.0)* | 54.6 (40.9 to 73.0)* | 73.0 (52.7 to 101.2)* |
| ≥83 mmol/mol (≥9.7%) | 78.4 (58.1 to 105.9)* | 104.8 (78.8 to 139.4)* | 140.0 (104.0 to 188.5)* | 187.1 (134.1 to 261.1)* |
| Time-updated albuminuria categories | ||||
| Normoalbuminuria | 13.6 (10.2 to 18.1)* | 16.5 (12.6 to 21.6)* | 20.1 (15.2 to 26.6)* | 24.4 (17.6 to 33.7)* |
| Microalbuminuria | 26.2 (19.0 to 36.2)* | 31.8 (23.6 to 42.9)* | 38.7 (28.5 to 52.4)* | 47.0 (33.5 to 65.9)* |
| Macroalbuminuria | 59.3 (43.4 to 80.9)* | 72.0 (54.1 to 95.9)* | 87.6 (65.3 to 117.4)* | 106.4 (76.5 to 148.0)* |
| CKD stage 5 | 194.1 (139.8 to 269.5)* | 235.9 (173.9 to 320.0)* | 286.7 (210.1 to 391.4)* | 348.5 (246.7 to 492.3)* |
| Time-updated eGFR categories | ||||
| CKD stage 1 (eGFR ≥90) | 15.4 (11.2 to 21.2)* | 19.0 (14.0 to 25.7)* | 23.3 (16.9 to 32.1)* | 28.6 (19.9 to 41.1)* |
| CKD stage 2 (eGFR 60–89) | 16.7 (12.4 to 22.6)* | 20.6 (15.6 to 27.1)* | 25.2 (19.0 to 33.6)* | 31.0 (22.4 to 43.0)* |
| CKD stage 3 (eGFR 30–59) | 26.7 (19.1 to 37.3)* | 32.8 (24.1 to 44.5)* | 40.2 (29.6 to 54.7)* | 49.5 (35.3 to 69.3)* |
| CKD stage 4 (eGFR 15–29) | 55.0 (35.5 to 85.4)* | 67.6 (44.5 to 102.8)* | 83.1 (54.5 to 126.6)* | 102.1 (65.3 to 159.6)* |
| CKD stage 5 (eGFR <15, dialysis or transplantation) | 185.3 (132.9 to 258.5)* | 227.7 (167.5 to 309.6)* | 279.6 (204.6 to 382.2)* | 343.7 (242.9 to 486.3)* |
All models are adjusted for time-updated age, sex, born in Sweden, maximum educational level, baseline comorbidities and time-updated diabetes duration centered at 30, 40, 50 and 60 years.
*Significant at p<0.0001.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.