Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of DISCOVER patients included in the analysis
| Total N=11 385 |
Asia-Pacific n=5206 | Europe n=2174 | Latin America n=1161 | Middle East and Africa n=2624 | |
| Men | 6387 (56.1) | 3037 (58.3) | 1212 (55.7) | 538 (46.3) | 1459 (55.6) |
| Self-reported ethnicity | |||||
| Caucasian | 3004 (27.5) | 122 (2.3) | 1839 (94.5) | 390 (33.7) | 644 (24.6) |
| Black | 122 (1.1) | 1 (0.0) | 7 (0.4) | 58 (5.0) | 54 (2.1) |
| Asian | 5269 (48.1) | 5069 (97.4) | 15 (0.8) | 7 (0.6) | 175 (6.7) |
| Hispanic | 612 (5.6) | 1 (0.0) | 7 (0.4) | 603 (52.1) | 1 (0.0) |
| Arabic | 1734 (15.8) | 2 (0.0) | 7 (0.4) | 2 (0.2) | 1722 (65.8) |
| Mixed | 100 (0.9) | 1 (0.0) | 3 (0.2) | 89 (7.7) | 7 (0.3) |
| Other | 103 (0.9) | 9 (0.2) | 68 (3.5) | 9 (0.8) | 16 (0.6) |
| Missing | 442 | 1 | 228 | 3 | 5 |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 57.4 (12.1) | 56.5 (12.4) | 63.1 (10.6) | 58.5 (11.4) | 54.1 (10.8) |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), % | 8.3 (1.7) | 8.3 (1.7) | 8.0 (1.5) | 8.5 (1.9) | 8.6 (1.6) |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 29.1 (5.9) | 26.7 (4.8) | 31.9 (6.1) | 30.4 (5.5) | 31.0 (5.8) |
| Time since T2D diagnosis, mean (SD), years | 5.6 (5.2) | 5.0 (5.0) | 6.5 (5.3) | 6.5 (6.1) | 6.0 (5.2) |
| Tobacco smoking | |||||
| Non-smoker | 7596 (66.7) | 3548 (68.1) | 1281 (58.9) | 750 (64.6) | 1878 (71.6) |
| Ex-smoker | 1990 (17.5) | 808 (15.5) | 515 (23.7) | 305 (26.3) | 329 (12.5) |
| Current smoker | 1799 (15.8) | 850 (16.3) | 378 (17.4) | 106 (9.1) | 417 (15.9) |
| Comorbidities* | |||||
| Hypertension | 5899 (51.8) | 2406 (46.2) | 1569 (72.2) | 670 (57.7) | 1103 (42.0) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 5658 (49.7) | 2549 (49.0) | 1344 (61.8) | 576 (49.6) | 1032 (39.3) |
| CKD | 634 (5.6) | 326 (6.3) | 186 (8.6) | 48 (4.1) | 53 (2.0) |
| Macrovascular complication(s)† | 1634 (14.4) | 512 (9.8) | 628 (28.9) | 174 (15.0) | 289 (11.0) |
| Use of comedication | |||||
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 5568 (48.9) | 2459 (47.2) | 1215 (55.9) | 579 (49.9) | 1200 (45.7) |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 5755 (50.5) | 2297 (44.1) | 1515 (69.7) | 666 (57.4) | 1156 (44.1) |
Data are reported as n (%) unless otherwise stated. The numbers of patients with missing data are reported for relevant variables; data were available for all patients for all other variables in the table. Percentages were calculated for all patients with data.
*Marked as present by the investigator in the electronic case report form.
†Composite of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator use.
BMI, body mass index;CKD, chronic kidney disease;HbA1c,glycated hemoglobin;T2D, type 2 diabetes.