Table 1.
At entry table PREVEND stratified for parity
| No children (n=464)* |
One child (n=277)* |
Two children (n=1021)* |
More than two children (n=697)* | P value** | |
| General characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 52.2 (10.1) | 52.2 (9.0) | 52.3 (8.4) | 56.9 (9.6) | <0.001 |
| Follow-up time (years) | 11 (11–12) | 11 (11–12) | 11 (11–12) | 11 (11–12) | 0.71 |
| Caucasian (n [%]) | 445 (96.9%) | 264 (96.4%) | 995 (98.0%) | 663 (95.7%) | 0.04 |
| Job (n [%]) | 315 (68.3%) | 127 (47.4%) | 467 (46.5%) | 264 (38.6%) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular risk profile | |||||
| BMI (kg/m²) | 24.6 (22.5–27.7) | 25.3 (22.5–28.6) | 25.8 (23.4–28.8) | 26.9 (24.0–30.2) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 120 (109–138) | 121 (110–140) | 122 (111–138) | 130 (115–146) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 71 (65–78) | 71 (67–77) | 71 (66–78) | 73 (67–79) | 0.004 |
| Current smoker (n [%]) | 139 (30.0%) | 105 (37.9%) | 326 (31.9%) | 195 (28.0%) | 0.02 |
| Alcohol use (n [%]) | 203 (44.0%) | 137 (49.6%) | 503 (49.4%) | 378 (54.5%) | 0.007 |
| Cardiovascular comorbidity (n [%]) | 11 (2.4%) | 11 (4.1%) | 24 (2.4%) | 24 (3.6%) | 0.30 |
| Renal disease requiring dialysis (n ([%]) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (0.3%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0.78 |
| Laboratory results | |||||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.6 (4.3–5.0) | 4.7 (4.3–5.1) | 4.7 (4.3–5.0) | 4.8 (4.4–5.2) | 0.002 |
| Insulin (mmol/L) | 7.0 (4.9–10.7) | 7.6 (5.1–11.5) | 7.8 (5.6–11.2) | 8.5 (6.0–13.4) | <0.001 |
| HOMAir | 1.4 (1.0–2.4) | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 1.8 (1.2–3.0) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.7 (5.0–6.4) | 5.7 (5.1–6.5) | 5.8 (5.0–6.7) | 6.0 (5.3–6.7) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.0 (0.8–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.7) | 1.1 (0.9–1.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | <0.001 |
| Medication use | |||||
| Total blood pressure lowering (n [%]) | 65 (16.4%) | 39 (16.5%) | 140 (15.6%) | 151 (24.4%) | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARB (n [%]) | 19 (4.7%) | 8 (3.3%) | 41 (4.5%) | 44 (7.0%) | 0.07 |
| Glucose lowering (n [%]) | 7 (1.7%) | 2 (0.8%) | 12 (1.3%) | 12 (1.9%) | 0.63 |
| Lipid lowering (n [%]) | 19 (4.7%) | 15 (6.3%) | 32 (3.5%) | 37 (5.9%) | 0.11 |
| Oral contraceptive use ([n %]) | 79 (18.2%) | 50 (19.5%) | 198 (21.1%) | 90 (14.6%) | 0.01 |
Data are presented as median (25th–75th percentile) unless otherwise stated.
*Total number that participated at visit 1 of the study, not all variables were available for each participant at baseline.
**Significant at p <0.05
ACEi/ARB, ACE inhibitor and/or angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMAir, homeostatic model assessment index; PREVEND, Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure.