Table 1.
Effect sizes (d) for sample size estimations based on a priori power analyses
| Domain/Task | Effect sizes | Publications |
| Working memory |
Span tasks: spatial storage: d=0.85; verbal storage: d=0.47 N-back task performance: 2-back performance accuracy: d=0.59* |
Martinussen et al, 43 Kasper et al 42 |
| Sustained attention | CPT: d’: d=0.98; v: d=0.75; a: d=0.16; omission errors: d=0.62; commission errors: d=0.55; RT: d=0.37; SDRT: d=0.56 | Huang-Pollock et al 59 |
| Inhibition | SST: SSRT: d=0.58–0.64; RT: d=0.45–0.52; SDRT: d=0.72–0.73 | Alderson et al,70 Lijffijt et al,72 Oosterlaan et al 71 |
| Delay aversion | LRC: d=0.61† | Marx et al 5 |
| Time discrimination | Sensitivity threshold: d=0.22–0.83 | Marx et al 5 7 |
| Super-second timing | ERR: d=0.47–1.23; AC: d=0.21–0.43 | Marx et al 5 7 |
*Mean ES from four 2-back studies included in the study by Kasper et al.42
†Value refers to ES in non-rewarded paradigms (value corresponds to a transformed log OR of 1.11).
AC, accuracy coefficient; CPT, continuous performance task; ERR, absolute timing error; ES, effect size; LRC, number of choices for the large delayed reward; RT, response time; SDRT, standard deviation of the response time; SST, stop signal task; SSRT, stop signal reaction time.