Table 3.

Putative causes of truly faulty data

Human error	Mis-entry; misunderstanding of scale values; faulty understanding of use of data entry software; faulty interpretation of device values
Lab error	Sampling error (eg, haemolysis); measurement error
Device error	Disconnect, interference, faulty calibration, software error; unexplained, transient aberrant values that resolve and do not recur
Systems error	Interface error, application interoperability error
Software error	Bug in software relating to data value entry; data wrongly captured, stored, and/or retrieved due to software design faults or bugs
Hardware error	Hardware issues that impact software and systems
Data analytic error	Error in analytic algorithm or process