Table 4.

Secondary outcomes: pregnancy outcomes

	Treatment (n=95)	Sham (n=91)	Treatment – sham Difference (95% CI)	P value
Gestational age at delivery (weeks)	39.0 (38.0 to 39.9)	39.0 (38.0 to 40.4)	−0.2* (−0.7 to 0.3)	0.42
			OR (95% CI)
Mode of delivery
Spontaneous vaginal	55 (58%)	43 (47%)	1.5 (0.8 to 2.9)	0.19
Caesarean section†	40 (42%)	46 (51%)	0.7 (0.4 to 1.3)	0.30
Vacuum extraction	0 (0%)	2 (2%)	0 (0 to 5.1)	0.24
Sex of newborn
Male	56 (59%) [2]	43 (47%) [2]	1.6 (0.9 to 3.0)	0.14
Stillbirth	2 (2%)	1 (1%)	1.9 (0.1 to 113)	1
Low birth weight	7 (8%) {12}	6 (7%) {7}	1.2 (0.3 to 4.5)	0.78
Small for gestational age	12 (14%) {12}	20 (24%) {7}	0.5 (0.2 to 1.3)	0.17
Preterm delivery	9 (9%)	10 (11%)	0.8 (0.3 to 2.5)	0.81
Received ≥1 obstetrical diagnosis during labour/delivery	39 (41%)	46 (51%)	0.7 (0.4 to 1.3)	0.24

Count data are presented as frequency (%) and Fisher’s exact test for count data was used to compute the OR.

Square brackets [number] indicate that data is missing for this number of participants.

Curly brackets {number} indicate that this number of participants were excluded from the analysis because their birth weight data were flawed (newborns were weighed on different newborn scales).

*Gestational age at delivery was non-normally distributed, is presented as median (IQR), and Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to test for difference.

†Note: the caesarean section rate at the study site for 2015, 2016 and 2017 was 47%, 47% and 46%, respectively.