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. 2019 May 5;9(5):e027079. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027079

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Flow diagram showing the multiphase mixed methods protocol to develop a patient-reported outcome instrument for children and adolescents with lower limb deformities. It is important to note that the process can be iterative and interactive as opposed to a strict linear process. This figure has been reproduced with permission from Wong Riff KWY, Tsangaris E, Goodacre T, et al International multiphase mixed methods study protocol to develop a cross-cultural patient-reported outcome instrument for children and young adults with cleft lip and/or palate (CLEFT-Q) BMJ Open 2017;7:e015467. QUAN, quantitative study component; QUAL, qualitative study component.