Table 1.

Research questions based on the PICO/PECO Format

Issue	Aim	PICO/PECO
Asynchrony	To identify the various typologies of patient-ventilator asynchronies and describe their classifications	P - ICU adult patients; E - invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation; C - /; O - asynchronies with ventilators
Patients’ outcome due to ventilator asynchronies	To reveal how and to what extent patients-ventilator asynchronies can affect patients’ outcome	P - ICU adult patients; E - asynchronous mechanical ventilation; C - synchronous mechanical ventilation; O - mortality rates, ventilation days, VILI, work of breathing levels
Nursing Skills	To investigate the nurses’ level of knowledge and skills in the detecting of patient-ventilator asynchronies through the ventilator graphics monitoring	P - ICU nurse; I - ventilator graphics monitoring knowledge/skills; C - /; O - detection of ventilator asynchronies and improvement of patients’ outcomes
Keywords	Nurse [MeSH Terms]; ventilator waveform [Text Word]; clinical competence [MeSH Terms] OR skill [Text Word]; knowledge [MeSH Terms]; patient ventilator asynchrony [Text Word]; patient ventilator dyssynchrony [Text Word]; nurse knowledge [Text Word]; ventilators, mechanical [Mesh Term] OR ventilator [Text Word]; patient outcome assessment [MeSH Terms] OR outcomes [Text Word]; patient ventilator interaction [Text Word], work of breathing [MeSH Terms], mortality [MeSH Terms], hospital length of stay [Text Word],