Table 1.
Drug hypersensitivity reactions: phenotypes, endotypes, biomarkers
| Phenotype | E ndotype | Biomarkers | |
| Immediate: | Urticaria/angioedema, Anaphylaxis, Laringeal edema, Bronchospasm | I, IgE mediated Direct mast cell-basophil activation - Complement activation Mrgx-2 |
Skin testing, Specific IgE, Basophil activation test, Tryptase |
| Immediate: | Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, Aspirin exacerbated cutaneous disease | COX-1 inibition | |
| Delayed: | Anemia, agranulocytosis Thrombocytopenia Autoimmunity (SLE, pemphigus) | II, IgG cytotoxic and complement | Patch test, LTT, HLA, Viral antibodies |
| Delayed: | Serum sickness-like reactions, Vasculitis, urticaria, Organ reactions | III, immune-complex, IgG mediated complement | |
| Delayed: | Contact eczema | IVa, Th1 (IFN-gamma), Infiltrated monocytes | |
| Delayed: | DRESS/DIHS | IVb, Th2 (IL-4, IL-5), Infiltrated eosinophils | |
| Delayed: | SYS/TEN, EM bullous/pustular | IVc, T cell cytotoxic | |
| Delayed: | AGEP | IVd, T cell (IL-8, CXCL-8) |