Table 1.
Potential predictive biomarkers
| Glossary of molecular markers | |||
| Marker | Abnormality or abnormal gene | Functions of wild-type gene product | Reported prognostic or predictive value in CRC |
| TS | Overexpression | Pyrimidine metabolism | Adverse prognostic marker, adverse predictive marker |
| P53 | Overexpression | Control of DNA topology | Adverse prognostic marker |
| ERCC1 (9, 25) | Overexpression | Repair of platinum agents-DNA adducts | Adverse prognostic marker, adverse predictive marker |
| HER-2 (26-28) | Overexpression | Cellular signal transduction | Predictive marker |
| MSI | Consequence of abnormal genes in mismatch repair family | Repair of nucleotide mismatches | Favorable prognostic marker, adverse predictive marker |
| PD-L1 (29, 30) | Overexpression | Immune checkpoint | Adverse predictive marker |
| PTEN (31, 32) | Loss of expression | Phosphatase activity | Adverse prognostic marker, adverse predictive marker |
| CD3 | Overexpression | Cellular signal transduction | Favorable prognostic marker |
| CD4 | Overexpression | Cellular signal transduction | Favorable prognostic marker |
| CD8 | Overexpression | Cellular signal transduction | Favorable prognostic marker |
ERCC1: excision repair cross-complementing 1; HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; MSI: microsatellite instability; PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog