. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Aug;142(2):480–509. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004581

Table 4.

Summary of TLA and MDO Outcomes

Intervention	TLA	MDO
Avoidance of tracheostomy	89.47% (289/323)^*	95.00% (657/693)^*
Decannulation	N/A	80.00% (165/206)
Full Oral Feeds at latest follow up	70.06% (110/157)	87.30% (323/370)
Reported rates of reoperation	45% (5/11)⁵¹, 29% (4/14)⁵², 27% (3/11)², 22% (2/9)⁵⁶	6% (3/50)⁵⁵, 5% (1/19)⁵⁴, 4% (1/23)⁵³

Five MDO studies, one TLA study and the MDO cohort of a comparison study were excluded from aggregation of results due to overlapping cohort of patients

MDO, mandibular distraction osteogenesis; TLA, tongue-lip adhesion.; N/A, not applicable.