Table 2.
Case Reports of MMP-Associated Malignancies From the Literature
| Study | Study Design | MMP Antibodies | Diagnosis of Malignancy | Time of Malignancy Diagnosis | Treatment and Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taniuchi et al, 1999 [15] | AECP case report | Laminin-5 | Gastric AC | S | Minocycline 200 mg/d and nicotinamide 1,500 mg/d without improvement. Bullous lesions disappeared after gastrectomy, but metastases occurred after 8 mos. |
| Chamberlain et al, 2004 [16] | Case report (2 cases) | Laminin-5 by indirect immunofluorescence | Uterine CA and ovarian CA (both metastatic) | M (both cases) | In both patients, remission of bullous disease was obtained after hysterectomy. |
| Yamada et al, 2012 [17] | Case report | Laminin-332 | Thyroid CA, kidney CA and retroperitoneal sarcoma | S | Skin and mucosal lesions healed after surgery and treatment with pulse steroid therapy and plasmapheresis. |
| Fukushima et al, 2008 [18] | AECP case report | NA | Prostatic CA | M | Skin lesions were resistant to therapy (oral prednisolone 30 mg, minocycline hydrochloride 100 mg, and nicotinamide 1,500 mg), but improved after administration of dapsone 100 mg/d. |
| Matsushima et al, 2004 [19] | AECP case report | Laminin-5 by immunoblot | Lung carcinoma | M | MMP improved after prednisone and minocycline, but the patient died after tracheostomy. |
| Setterfield et al, 1999 [20] | Case report | Laminin-5 | Non-small-cell lung CA | P | Prednisolone 40 mg/d and azathioprine 50 mg/d and thereafter dapsone 100 mg/d and cyclosporine 3 mg/kg/d did not improve until the time of death. |
| Shibuya et al, 2012 [21] | Case report | Laminin-332 γ2 subunit by immunoblot | Ovarian CA | S | Prednisolone 30 mg/d was partially effective. |
| Mitsuya et al, 2008 [22] | Case report | Laminin-5 γ2 subunit | Metastatic ovarian CA | M | Prednisolone 40 mg/d and minocycline 200 mg/d, then intravenous immunoglobulins without improvement. |
| Saravanan et al, 2006 [23] | Case report | NA | Renal CA | P | Treatment with dapsone, prednisolone, and azathioprine, but disease progressed. |
| Young et al, 2011 [24] | Case report | Laminin-332 | Metastatic prostate CA | M | Orchiectomy and hormone deprivation therapy. Mycophenolate mofetil 1,500 mg and prednisone cured the blisters. |
| Ostlere et al, 1992 [25] | Case report | ND | Metastatic pancreas CA | P | No response with prednisolone and dapsone, and then prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. |
| Uchiyama et al, 2000 [26] | AECP case report | Laminin-5 serum immunoprecipitation | Gastric CA | P | MMP resolved after gastrectomy. |
| Dainichi et al, 2011 [27] | Case report | Laminin-332 | Hepatocellular CA in cirrhosis | M | MMP not responsive to minocycline 200 mg/d, dapsone 75 mg/d, and oral prednisolone 30 mg/d. Patient died. |
| Polliack, 1968 [28] | Case report | ND | Thyroid AC | P | MMP not responsive to prednisolone and sulfapyridine until fatal outcome. |
| Hope-Ross et al, 1990 [29] | Case report | ND | Esophageal CA | P | Exclusive ocular involvement treated with topical dexamethasone, acetyl cysteine, and cyclosporine with good clinical response. |
| Greer et al, 1980 [30] | Case report | ND | Metastatic lung CA | P | After radiotherapy, MMP was well controlled with prednisone. |
| Kilby, 1965 [31] | Case report | ND | Metastatic pancreas CA | P | Unsuccessful treatment with 20 mg/d of prednisolone. |
| Gibson et al, 1997 [32] | AECP case report | Laminin-5 by immunoprecipitation | Lung CA | P | Good response of MMP with multiple courses of prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and dapsone. |
| Fujimoto et al, 1998 [33] | AECP case report | ND | Gastric CA | S | After gastrectomy, splenectomy, and cholecystectomy, MMP healed and corticosteroids were discontinued. Few weeks after betamethasone was stopped, blisters relapsed and the patient died of metastases. |
| Ding et al, 2014 [34] | AECP case report | Negative | Cervical AC | P | MMP healed after hysteroannessiectomy and lymphadenectomy. |
| Fukuchi et al, 2013 [35] | Case report | Laminin-332 and BP230 positive | Unknown origin AC | P | MMP remission with prednisone 60 mg/d, but the patient died and diagnosis of low-grade AC of unknown primary site was made after autopsy. |
| Demitsu et al, 2009 [36] | Case report | Laminin-332 and BP180 | Pancreas CA | S | Betamethasone 4 mg and plasma exchange gave benefit to MMP resolution, but patient died of intrahepatic cholangitis followed by sepsis. |
| Shannon et al, 2003 [14] | Case report | Laminin-5 by immunoblot | Large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma | M | MMP developed after 2 cycles of chemotherapy with remission of lymphoma. High-dose systemic steroids and azathioprine controlled the pemphigoid up to resolution. |
| Sadler et al, 2007 [9] | AECP case report and reported cases review | Laminin-5 by immunoblot | Mycosis fungoides | M | Cutaneous lymphoma controlled with topical clobetasol for 12 years before occurrence of oral and nasal MMP. |
AC = adenocarcinoma; BP = bullous pemphigoid; CA = carcinoma; M = metachronous; NA = not available; ND = not detected; P = preceding the cancer diagnosis; S = synchronous.