Table 1.

Financial and environmental values for three haemodialysis modalities and their cost-effectiveness

	ICHD		HHD		HNHD
Regime (per week)	3×4 hours		3×4 hours		6×7 hours
Year	Year 1	Year 2	Year 1	Year 2	Year 1	Year 2
Carbon footprint (ton CO2eq, in 2010)a	4.77b	3.82	4.14b	3.31	9.00b	7.20
Cost of carbon (£, in 2010)c	248.17	198.54	215.02	172.02	467.81	374.24
Cost of treatment (£, 2010)d	28,131.88	27,921.08	27,921.08	23,412.44	35,896.76	30,654.04
Quality-adjusted life years (QALY)e	0.84	1.23	1.08	1.64	1.41	1.42
Total cost (£, in 2010)f	28,380.05	28,119.62	28,136.10	23,584.46	36,364.57	31,028.28
Cost per QALY (£, in 2010)	33,490.33	22,861.48	25,852.85	14,380.77	25,458.70	21,850.90
ICERg	–		–£1,016.46	–£11,061.37	£14,007.92	£15,308.78

^aConnor et al (2010)¹⁸

^bFirst year initiation emissions were not available. A 25% uplift is added to yearly emission rates in the first year to account for this.

^cnon-traded carbon price of £52 per ton CO₂eq, DECC (2009)²⁰

^dKomenda et al (2012)¹⁹

^eQALYs for ICHD and HHD from Beby et al (2016)²¹. QALYs for HNHD from Klarenbach et al (2014)²²

^fTotal cost is the sum of the cost of carbon and the financial cost of treatment

^gwith reference to ICHD

HHD = haemodialysis; HNHD = home nocturnal haemodialysis; ICHD = in-centre haemodialysis; QALY = quality-adjusted life years