Table 2.
Results of negative binomial regression analyses estimating associations between selected characteristics and missed school days among U.S. school-aged children (6–17 years). Data source: 2012 National Health Interview Survey.
| Characteristic | aIRRa | 95% CI | Estimated number of missed school daysb | Incremental missed school daysc | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain | ||||||
| No | ref | 2.5 | ref | |||
| Yes | 1.61 | 1.45–1.78 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 1.1–1.9 | <0.0001 |
| Age category | ||||||
| 6–10 years | ref | 2.9 | ||||
| 11–13 years | 0.97 | 0.87–1.09 | 2.8 | −0.1 | −0.4–0.3 | 0.647 |
| 14–17 years | 1.14 | 1.03–1.26 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 0.1–0.7 | 0.017 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | ref | 2.9 | ref | |||
| Female | 1.13 | 1.04–1.22 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 0.1–0.6 | 0.005 |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||
| White | ref | 3.4 | ref | |||
| Black | 0.73 | 0.6–0.89 | 2.5 | −0.9 | −1.4-−0.4 | <0.0001 |
| Hispanic | 0.7 | 0.62–0.78 | 2.4 | −1 | −1.4-−0.7 | <0.0001 |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 1.33 | 0.94–1.89 | 4.6 | 1.2 | −0.4–2.7 | 0.155 |
| Asian | 0.64 | 0.54–0.77 | 2.2 | −1.2 | −1.6-−0.8 | <0.0001 |
| Other/multiple race | 0.94 | 0.78–1.13 | 3.2 | −0.2 | −0.8–0.4 | 0.512 |
| Income | ||||||
| < $34,999 | ref | 3.4 | ref | |||
| $35,000–$74,999 | 0.87 | 0.77–0.99 | 3.0 | −0.4 | −0.8–0 | 0.035 |
| $75,000–$99,999 | 0.81 | 0.7–0.94 | 2.8 | −0.6 | −1.1-−0.2 | 0.008 |
| $100,000 and over | 0.8 | 0.68–0.95 | 2.7 | −0.7 | −1.2-−0.2 | 0.011 |
| Insurance coverage | ||||||
| Uninsured | ref | 2.8 | ref | |||
| Any private | 1.07 | 0.93–1.24 | 3.0 | 0.2 | −0.2–0.6 | 0.34 |
| Public only | 1.13 | 0.98–1.31 | 3.2 | 0.4 | −0.1–0.8 | 0.084 |
| Parent education | ||||||
| Bachelor’s or higher | ref | 2.8 | Ref | |||
| Some college | 1.11 | 0.98–1.26 | 3.1 | 0.3 | −0.1–0.7 | 0.1 |
| High school or less | 1.1 | 0.93–1.29 | 3.1 | 0.3 | −0.2–0.8 | 0.253 |
| Region | ||||||
| Northeast | ref | 3.5 | ref | |||
| Midwest | 0.78 | 0.67–0.92 | 2.7 | −0.8 | −1.3-−0.2 | 0.005 |
| South | 0.86 | 0.73–1.01 | 3.0 | −0.5 | −1–0.1 | 0.086 |
| West | 0.86 | 0.75–1 | 3.0 | −0.5 | −1–0 | 0.063 |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||||
| None | ref | 2.1 | ref | |||
| 1 | 1.6 | 1.44–1.79 | 3.3 | 1.2 | 0.9–1.6 | <0.0001 |
| 2–3 | 2.14 | 1.87–2.45 | 4.4 | 2.4 | 1.8–2.9 | <0.0001 |
| 4+ | 2.86 | 2.17–3.76 | 5.9 | 3.9 | 2.3–5.4 | <0.0001 |
| Asthma | ||||||
| No | ref | 2.8 | ref | |||
| Yes | 1.35 | 1.18–1.54 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 0.5–1.5 | <0.0001 |
| ADHD | ||||||
| No | ref | 3.0 | ref | |||
| Yes | 1.0 | 0.87–1.14 | 3.0 | 0.0 | −0.4–0.4 | 0.978 |
a
Adjusted incidence rate ratios estimated from multivariate negative binomial regression model which included all variables listed in table.
b
Estimates obtained from multivariate negative binomial regression model using margins-post command in Stata
c
Estimates obtained from multivariate negative binomial regression model using margins-dydx command in Stata