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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 3.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Biol. 2019 Mar 25;431(10):1981–1992. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.020

Fig. 4. The effect of size and nature of the mutational effect on the frequency of positive and negative epistasis.

Fig. 4.

Frequency of epistasis among mutation pairs with (a) at least one deleterious mutation and (b) at least one beneficial mutation. The deleterious or beneficial mutation must have a statistically significant effect on fitness, but the other mutation in the pair may be deleterious, beneficial, or neutral. Boxcar smoothing was applied to the data to improve visualization of trends.