Table 1.
Patient/hospital characteristics (n=57,972)
| Variable | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Particle Pollution <2.5μm (μg/m3) | |
| <12 | 39,300 (67.8) |
| ≥12 | 18,672 (32.2) |
| Ozone(ppb) | |
| <60 | 54,602 (94.2) |
| 60 to <70 | 2,514 (4.3) |
| ≥70 | 856 (1.5) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |
| White | 21,773 (37.6) |
| Black | 7,603 (13.1) |
| Hispanic | 10,096 (17.4) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1,009 (1.7) |
| Native American | 729 (1.3) |
| Other | 2,559 (4.4) |
| Missing | 14,203 (24.5) |
| Insurance | |
| Public | 30,198 (52.1) |
| Private | 23,524 (40.6) |
| Other | 4,116 (7.1) |
| Missing | 134 (0.2) |
| Median income by ZIP Code | |
| $1 to $38,999 | 21,471 (37.0) |
| $39,999 to $47,999 | 15,372 (26.5) |
| $48,000 to $62,999 | 11,247 (19.4) |
| $63,000+ | 8,778 (15.1) |
| Missing | 1,104 (1.9) |
| Age, years | |
| 0 to 1 | 23,585 (40.7) |
| 2 to 5 | 19,269 (33.2) |
| 6 to 12 | 10,792 (18.6) |
| 13 to 18 | 4,326 (7.5) |
| Asthma diagnosis | 18,402 (31.7) |
| Sex | |
| Female | 25,746 (44.4) |
| Male | 31,947 (54.9) |
| Missing | 379 (0.7) |
| Region | |
| Northeast | 7,539 (13.0) |
| Midwest | 13,104 (22.6) |
| South | 27,569 (47.6) |
| West | 9,760 (16.8) |
| Location/teaching status | |
| Rural | 12,337 (21.3) |
| Urban/non-teaching | 21,278 (36.7) |
| Urban/teaching | 24,357 (42.0) |
| Bedsize‡ | |
| Small | 9,237 (15.9) |
| Medium | 13,963 (24.1) |
| Large | 34,772 (60.0) |
| Weekend admission | 13,416 (22.1) |
| Year | |
| 2007 | 29,375 (50.7) |
| 2008 | 28,597 (49.3) |
| Quarter | |
| January to March | 19,862 (34.3) |
| April to June | 10,106 (17.4) |
| July to September | 6,727 (11.6) |
| October to December | 15,188 (26.2) |
| Missing | 6,089 (10.5) |
| Outcomes | |
| Mortality | 82 (0.1) |
| Intubated | 433 (0.75) |
| Median LOS (IQR), days | 2 (2 to 4) |
| Median Total Costs (IQR) | $3089 ($2023 to $5177) |
IQR = Interquartile Range; LOS = Length of Stay
‡
Definition differs depending on hospital location and teaching status18