. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Acad Pediatr. 2018 Dec 11;19(4):414–420. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.12.001

Table 2.

Association of PM_2.5 with inpatient mortality, intubation, LOS, and cost^†

PM_2.5 level (μg/m³)	Mortality aOR(95% CI)	Intubation aOR (95% CI)	LOS Increment, days (95% CI)	Costs Increment (95% CI)
>12 (reference ≤12)	1.92 (1.25 to 2.94)^**	1.15 (0.96 to 1.37)	+0.05 (+0.01 to +0.10)^**	+$278 (+$49 to +$588)^*

PM_2.5= fine particulate with a diameter ≤2.5 μm, aOR=adjusted odds ratio, CI=confidence interval, LOS= length of stay

p<0.05

^**

p<0.01

^†

Models were adjusted for the following variables (chosen a priori based on review of the literature^27,28 and availability in the NIS²⁰): diagnosis of asthma, race/ethnicity, median income by ZIP Code, age group, sex, region, hospital bedsize, and timing of admission (by quarter of year, weekend vs. weekday, and year)