. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Acad Pediatr. 2018 Dec 11;19(4):414–420. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.12.001

Table 4.

Two pollutant model assessing pollutant associations with inpatient mortality, intubation, LOS, and costs

Pollutant	Mortality aOR(95% CI)	Intubation aOR (95% CI)	LOS Increment, days (95% CI)	Costs Increment (95% CI)
PM_2.5 >12 μg/m³ (reference ≤12)	1.81 (1.18 to 2.80)^**	1.13 (0.94 to 1.36)	+0.05 (+0.01 to +0.09)^*	+$252 (+$31 to +$551^*
O₃ >70 ppb (reference ≤70 ppb)	2.36 (0.97 to 5.77)	1.41 (0.87 to 2.29)	+0.16 (+0.03 to +0.30)^*	+$662 (−$72 to +$1716)

PM_2.5= fine particulate with a diameter ≤2.5μm , O₃=ozone, aOR=adjusted odds ratio, CI=confidence interval, LOS= length of stay

p<0.05

^**

p<0.01

^†

Model was adjusted for the following variables (chosen a priori based on review of the literature^27,28 and availability in the NIS²⁰): diagnosis of asthma, race/ethnicity, median income by ZIP Code, age group, sex, region, hospital bedsize, and timing of admission (by quarter of year, weekend vs. weekday, and year)