Table 2.
Characteristics of articles reviewed (n=23)
| Author (Year) | Focus | Data Collection | Sampling Method | Sample (N) | Geographic Location | Trans Defined |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case Studies | ||||||
| Cicero and Black (2016) | An emergency room experience | 2011 | Purposive | FTM (1) | Southeast U.S. | Yes |
| Shukla et al. (2014) | Barriers to healthcare | Purposive | MTF (1) | No | ||
| Mixed Methods | ||||||
| Radix et al. (2014) | Satisfaction and healthcare utilization | 2013 | Purposive | MTF (26) FTM (11) Trans (9) |
New York City, NY | Yes |
| Qualitative | ||||||
| Brown (2014) | The healthcare concerns of transgender inmates | Convenience | MTF (125) Trans (3) |
24 statesb | No | |
| Hagen and Galupo (2014) | Gendered language in healthcare | Purposive, convenience | MTF (9) FTM (11) |
12 statesc | No | |
| Poteat et al. (2013) | Stigma in transgender healthcare | 2011 | Purposive | MTF (30) FTM (25) |
Mid-Atlantic | Yes |
| Roller et al. (2015) | Engagement in healthcare | Purposive | MTF (6) FTM (19) |
U.S. | Yes | |
| Sevelius et al. (2014) | Barriers and facilitators to healthcare engagement and retention for trans women living with HIV | Purposive | MTF (38) | San Francisco, CA | No | |
| Wilson et al. (2013) | Access to HIV-related care for African American trans women living with HIV | Purposive | MTF (10) | Alameda County, CA | No | |
| Xavier et al. (2012) | Healthcare access | 2004 | Purposive | MTF (32) FTM (15) |
VA | Yes |
| Quantitative | ||||||
| Bradford et al. (2013) | Social determinants of health and experiences of transgender-related discrimination | 2005–2006 | Purposive | MTF (229) FTM (121) |
VA | Yes |
| Cruz (2014) | The postponement of primary curative care | 2008–2009a | Convenience | MTF (2427) FTM (1867) |
U.S. | Yes |
| de Haan et al. (2015) | Barriers to care and non-prescribed hormone use | 2010 | Convenience | MTF (314) | San Francisco, CA | Yes |
| Jaffee et al. (2016) | Delayed healthcare, perceived provider knowledge, and discrimination | 2008–2009a | Convenience | MTF (2068) FTM (1418) |
U.S. | Yes |
| Jaffer et al. (2016) | Adequacy of care within jail | Purposive | MTF (25) FTM (2) |
New York City, NY | No | |
| Kattari and Hasche (2015) | Influence of age on experiences of healthcare discrimination, harassment, and victimization | 2008–2009a | Convenience | Trans (5885) | U.S. | Yes |
| Kattari et al. (2017) | Influence of (dis)ability on discriminatory experiences when accessing social services | 2008–2009a | Convenience | Trans (6456) | U.S. | |
| Kattari et al. (2015) | Race/ethnicity differences in experiences of healthcare discrimination | 2008–2009a | Convenience | Trans (6454) | U.S. | No |
| Nemoto et al. (2015) | Unmet healthcare needs | 2000–2001; 2004–2006 | Purposive, convenience | MTF (235) | San Francisco and Oakland, CA | Yes |
| Shipherd et al. (2012) | Utilization of Veterans Health Administration health services |
2008 | Convenience | MTF (141) | U.S. | Yes |
| Shires and Jaffee (2015) | Discrimination experienced in healthcare | 2008–2009a | Convenience | FTM (1711) | U.S. | Yes |
| White Hughto et al. (2016) | Geographic and individual differences in healthcare access | 2008–2009a | Convenience | Trans (5831) | U.S. | Yes |
| Whitehead et al. (2016) | Primary healthcare utilization | 2014 | Convenience | Trans (169) | U.S. | No |
Note. Individuals assigned male at birth but identify as something other than male are categorized as MTF; FTM represents those persons that were assigned female at birth but identify as something other than female; and the term trans is used if researchers grouped all trans people together or did not identify the trans subgroup or sex assigned at birth. Study participants may have used other terminology when describing themselves.
a
National Transgender Discrimination Survey secondary analysis
b
Located in AR, CA, CO, FL, GA, IA, ID, IN, KY, MA, MI, NV, NY, OK, OR, PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, WA, WI
c
CA, MA, MD, MI, MN, NC, NJ, NV, NY, RI, TX, VA