Table 2.
Hospitalization Characteristics of Children With and Without Feeding or Respiratory Technology Dependence.
| Patient Characteristic | Technology Dependence (N=1989) |
No Technology Dependence (N=8089) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Admission PRISM Score (Median [IQR]) | 2.0 [0.0-5.0] | 2.0 [0.0-5.0] | 0.969 |
| Baseline FSS Score (Median [IQR]) | 12.0 [10.0-16.0] | 6.0 [6.0-6.0] | <0.001 |
| Admission Status | 0.585 | ||
| Elective | 713 (35.8%) | 2954 (36.5%) | |
| Emergent | 1276 (64.2%) | 5135 (63.5%) | |
| Admission Source | 0.070 | ||
| Emergency department | 688 (34.6%) | 2599 (32.1%) | |
| Inpatient unit | 869 (43.7%) | 3740 (46.2%) | |
| Direct admission from outside institution | 432 (21.7%) | 1750 (21.6%) | |
| System of Primary Dysfunction | <0.001 | ||
| Low risk diagnosesa | 145 (7.3%) | 799 (9.9%) | |
| Cardiac | 379 (19.1%) | 2051 (25.4%) | |
| Respiratory | 992 (49.9%) | 2384 (29.5%) | |
| Oncologic | 24 (1.2%) | 346 (4.3%) | |
| Neurologic | 225 (11.3%) | 1797 (22.2%) | |
| Other | 224 (11.3%) | 712 (8.8%) | |
| Pediatric ICU Therapies | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 1142 (57.4%) | 2697 (33.3%) | <0.001 |
| Vasoactive infusions | 408 (20.5%) | 1977 (24.4%) | <0.001 |
| Antibiotic administration | 1559 (78.4%) | 5292 (65.4%) | <0.001 |
| Steroid administration | 713 (35.8%) | 2585 (32.0%) | 0.001 |
| Parenteral nutrition | 342 (17.2%) | 993 (12.3%) | <0.001 |
| Nitric oxide | 87 (4.4%) | 198 (2.4%) | <0.001 |
| High frequency ventilation | 35 (1.8%) | 71 (0.9%) | 0.001 |
| Intracranial pressure monitoring | 16 (0.8%) | 222 (2.7%) | <0.001 |
| Therapeutic hypothermia | 8 (0.4%) | 46 (0.6%) | 0.492 |
| Neuromuscular blockade | 282 (14.2%) | 1089 (13.5%) | 0.401 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 41 (2.1%) | 112 (1.4%) | 0.031 |
| Extracorporeal support | 16 (0.8%) | 94 (1.2%) | 0.186 |
| Pediatric ICU Length of Stay in Days (Median [IQR]) | 3.0 [1.5-7.0] | 1.8 [1.0-4.1] | <0.001 |
| Pediatric ICU Readmission during Same Admission | 121 (6.1%) | 358 (4.4%) | 0.003 |
| Hospital Discharge Outcomes | <0.001 | ||
| Home or foster care | 1679 (84.4%) | 7448 (95.8%) | |
| Another acute care hospital | 63 (3.2%) | 111 (1.4%) | |
| Acute inpatient rehabilitation | 50 (2.5%) | 217 (2.7%) | |
| Chronic care or skilled nursing facility | 122 (6.1%) | 43 (0.5%) | |
| Death | 74 (3.7%) | 201 (2.5%) | |
| Hospital Discharge FSS Score (Median [IQR])b | 12.0 [10.0-16.0] | 6.0 [6.0-7.0] | <0.001 |
PRISM – Pediatric RIsk of Mortality 3 Score; FSS – Functional Status Scale; ICU – intensive care unit; IQR – interquartile range
a
Low risk diagnoses included diabetic ketoacidosis, and hematologic, musculoskeletal, and renal dysfunction.
b
Discharge FSS score was analyzed only for survivors.