Table 1:
Pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation supportive therapies by vital status
| Vital status at hospital discharge | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Supportive therapy | Dead (n = 232) | Alive (n = 282) | Overall (n = 514) |
| Primary ECMO indication, n (%) | |||
| Respiratory | 83 (36%) | 154 (55%) | 237 (46%) |
| Cardiac | 105 (45%) | 102 (36%) | 207 (40%) |
| eCPR | 44 (19%) | 26 (9%) | 70 (14%) |
| Operation in the prior 24 hours, n (%) | 89 (38%) | 89 (32%) | 178 (35%) |
| CPB in the prior 24 hours, n (%) | 78 (34%) | 70 (25%) | 148 (29%) |
| ECMO directly from CPB, n (%) | 38 (16%) | 37 (13%) | 75 (15%) |
| Heparin bolus for cannulation, n (%) | 179 (77%) | 235 (83%) | 414 (81%) |
| Initial mode of ECMO, n (%) | |||
| VA | 207 (89%) | 224 (79%) | 431 (84%) |
| VV | 25 (11%) | 58 (21%) | 83 (16%) |
| Type of Pump, n (%) | |||
| Centrifuge | 164 (71%) | 170 (60%) | 334 (65%) |
| Roller head | 68 (29%) | 112 (40%) | 180 (35%) |
| Vasoactive inotropic score,a n (%) | |||
| None or low | 139 (60%) | 180 (64%) | 319 (62%) |
| High | 93 (40%) | 102 (36%) | 195 (38%) |
| Vasoactive bolus, n (%) | 50 (22%) | 44 (16%) | 94 (18%) |
| Respiratory support | 191 (82%) | 235 (83%) | 426 (83%) |
| Ventilation, n (%) | |||
| None | 30 (14%) | 38 (14%) | 68 (14%) |
| Conventional | 135 (62%) | 146 (54%) | 281 (57%) |
| High frequency | 54 (25%) | 89 (33%) | 143 (29%) |
| Settings, median [IQR] | |||
| Ventilator rate (bpm) | 28.0 [20.0, 35.0] | 27.0 [20.0, 35.0] | 28.0 [20.0, 35.0] |
| PIP (cmH2O) | 26.0 [21.0, 32.0] | 25.0 [21.0, 30.0] | 26.0 [21.0, 31.0] |
| Exhaled tidal volume (mL) | 41.0 [28.0, 110.0] | 43.9 [27.0, 90.0] | 43.0 [28.0, 100.0] |
| Set tidal volume (mL) | 60.0 [35.0, 150.0] | 43.0 [30.0, 90.0] | 50.0 [30.0, 104.0] |
| PEEP (cmH2O) | 6.0 [5.0, 8.0] | 6.0 [5.0, 8.0] | 6.0 [5.0, 8.0] |
| Pressure support (cmH20) | 10.0 [8.0, 10.0] | 10.0 [8.0, 10.0] | 10.0 [8.0, 10.0] |
| FiO2 | 1.0 [0.5, 1.0] | 1.0 [0.8, 1.0] | 1.0 [0.6, 1.0] |
| Mean airway pressure (cmH2O) | 14.8 [11.0, 20.0] | 14.0 [11.0, 20.0] | 14.3 [11.0, 20.0] |
| Frequency (Hz) | 8.0 [6.0, 8.0] | 7.0 [6.0, 8.0] | 7.0 [6.0, 8.0] |
| Amplitude (cmH2O) | 41.0 [36.0, 50.0] | 39.0 [35.0, 46.0] | 40.0 [35.0, 47.0] |
ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; eCPR = extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass; VA = venoarterial; VV = veno-venous; IQR = interquartile range; PIP = peak inspiratory pressure; PEEP = positive end-expiratory pressure.
a
Vasoactive inotropic score: none/low = 0 to <20, high = ≥20.