Table 1.
Distribution of maternal and delivery variables among racial/ethnic groups, California, 1997-2014 (N = 8,252,025).
| Hispanic | Non- Hispanic White |
Asian/ Pacific Islander |
Non- Hispanic Black |
American Indian/ Alaska Native |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 4,087,859 |
n = 2,506,883 |
n = 961,585 | n = 444,255 | n = 26,598 | |
| % | % | % | % | % | |
| Severe maternal morbidity | 1.09 | 0.84 | 1.10 | 1.63 | 1.30 |
| Severe maternal morbidity excluding transfusion-only cases | 0.48 | 0.42 | 0.51 | 0.82 | 0.55 |
| Cesarean birth | 29.1 | 29.2 | 29.3 | 33.5 | 28.9 |
| Anemia | 5.2 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 10.2 | 5.4 |
| Prepregnancy BMI group | |||||
| Underweight | 2.7 | 4.1 | 8.9 | 3.9 | 3.0 |
| Normal weight | 41.3 | 56.6 | 66.2 | 40.2 | 36.9 |
| Overweight | 30.0 | 22.4 | 17.5 | 26.5 | 25.5 |
| Obesity class 1 | 16.0 | 9.8 | 5.3 | 15.2 | 17.4 |
| Obesity class 2 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 7.6 | 9.5 |
| Obesity class 3 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 6.5 | 7.7 |
| Comorbidity score | |||||
| 0 | 68.4 | 60.2 | 60.9 | 60.5 | 63.0 |
| 1-2 | 27.6 | 34.0 | 33.4 | 31.7 | 30.2 |
| 3-4 | 2.8 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 5.5 | 5.0 |
| ≥5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 1.8 |
| Maternal age at delivery | |||||
| <20 y | 12.9 | 5.6 | 2.6 | 14.2 | 14.3 |
| 20-24 y | 27.5 | 16.9 | 9.7 | 28.7 | 29.1 |
| 25-29 y | 27.3 | 26.0 | 25.6 | 24.9 | 26.1 |
| 30-34 y | 20.1 | 29.5 | 36.5 | 19.1 | 19.1 |
| 35-39 y | 9.9 | 17.5 | 20.8 | 10.4 | 9.1 |
| ≥40 y | 2.4 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 2.3 |
| Mother born in the U.S. | 40.8 | 86.3 | 19.3 | 91.5 | 98.0 |
| Maternal education | |||||
| Did not complete high school | 46.3 | 9.2 | 7.2 | 17.9 | 24.8 |
| High school graduate or equivalent | 29.9 | 25.0 | 17.7 | 37.6 | 39.9 |
| Some college – no degree | 16.3 | 24.6 | 20.3 | 14.5 | 24.2 |
| College degree or higher | 7.5 | 41.2 | 54.8 | 29.9 | 11.1 |
| Private insurance expected as delivery payment method | 30.6 | 73.1 | 71.3 | 40.7 | 40.2 |
| Trimester prenatal care began | |||||
| 1st trimester | 81.6 | 88.8 | 87.2 | 80.5 | 72.9 |
| 2nd trimester | 14.9 | 9.1 | 10.4 | 15.5 | 20.3 |
| 3rd trimester or none | 3.6 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 6.7 |
| Preterm birth | 9.1 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 13.2 | 10.4 |
| Twin/multiple birth | 1.1 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.4 |
| Obstetric history | |||||
| Primiparous | 34.9 | 43.6 | 46.6 | 39.0 | 35.4 |
| Multiparous with cesarean history | 14.6 | 12.3 | 11.6 | 14.8 | 14.1 |
| Multiparous without cesarean history | 50.5 | 44.2 | 41.8 | 46.3 | 50.6 |