Table 2.
Associations between race/ethnicity and severe maternal morbidity, California, 1997-2014.
| Risk Ratio for Racial/Ethnic Group (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Hispanic White |
Hispanic | Asian/ Pacific Islander |
Non-Hispanic Black |
American Indian/ Alaska Native |
|
| Severe Maternal Morbidity | |||||
| Regression model terms* | |||||
| Unadjusted | Reference | 1.23 (1.21, 1.25) |
1.22 (1.19, 1.25) |
1.92 (1.87, 1.97) |
1.54 (1.38, 1.72) |
| Covariates | Reference | 1.12 (1.10, 1.14) |
1.20 (1.16, 1.23) |
1.70 (1.65, 1.74) |
1.41 (1.27, 1.58) |
| Comorbidity + covariates | Reference | 1.19 (1.17, 1.22) |
1.26 (1.23, 1.30) |
1.59 (1.54, 1.63) |
1.33 (1.19, 1.48) |
| Anemia + comorbidity + covariates | Reference | 1.14 (1.12, 1.26) |
1.19 (1.16, 1.22) |
1.29 (1.25, 1.33) |
1.28 (1.15, 1.43) |
| Cesarean birth + anemia + comorbidity + covariates | Reference | 1.14 (1.12, 1.16) |
1.23 (1.20, 1.26) |
1.27 (1.23, 1.31) |
1.29 (1.15, 1.44) |
| Severe Maternal Morbidity – Excluding Cases with only Blood Transfusion | |||||
| Regression model terms | |||||
| Unadjusted | Reference | 1.10 (1.07, 1.13) |
1.16 (1.12, 1.20) |
1.93 (1.86, 2.01) |
1.30 (1.10, 1.53) |
| Covariates | Reference | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) |
1.07 (1.03, 1.11) |
1.75 (1.68, 1.82) |
1.26 (1.07, 1.49) |
| Comorbidity + covariates | Reference | 1.10 (1.07, 1.13) |
1.13 (1.09, 1.18) |
1.63 (1.57, 1.70) |
1.18 (1.00, 1.40) |
| Anemia + comorbidity + covariates | Reference | 1.08 (1.05, 1.11) |
1.10 (1.06, 1.14) |
1.47 (1.41, 1.53) |
1.16 (0.98, 1.37) |
| Cesarean birth + anemia + comorbidity + covariates | Reference | 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) |
1.14 (1.09, 1.18) |
1.44 (1.39, 1.50) |
1.17 (0.99, 1.38) |
CI, confidence interval
*
All models adjusted for delivery year. Covariates included education, expected payment method for delivery, country of birth, prenatal care, parity, and preterm birth. Comorbidity was measured by an index of conditions.20