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. 2019 May 6;9:6921. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43393-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Early aftershocks of the Visso earthquake and Norcia earthquakes are projected onto sections oriented orthogonal to the Vettore-Bove fault system (a,b and d,e, respectively) and Mts Sibillini Thrust (c,f, respectively). Light and dark grey dots denote earthquakes occurred after and before the time interval considered in each panel, respectively. Focal mechanisms are projected TDMT solutions of M > 4 events. The dashed yellow lines define fault planes delineated by aftershock alignments, the black dashed lines mainshock fault planes inferred by TDMT solutions. Hypocenters within 3 km distance from sections are projected, with the exception of section L1-L2 in panel (f) for which events are within 1.5 km distance. Red arrows outline surface rupturing segments of the of the Vettore-Bove fault system (VFs - Vettore Fault, BF - Bove fault, CF - Cupi Fault), green arrows W-dipping active normal faults (NFs - Norcia basin fault-system), blue arrow NE-dipping active normal faults, black arrows inherited thrusts (MST - Mts Sibillini Thrust, PVT - Pizzo Tre Vescovi thrust). The inset sketch of panel a illustrates the model hypothesized for the northern segment ruptured by the Visso earthquake (red lines define ruptured segments, the black line the shallow part of the Pizzo Tre Vescovi thrust prolific in off-fault aftershock production).