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. 2019 May 6;9:6940. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43460-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of f_intra on ionic currents underlying patterns 1 and 5 at (A) f_aver = 10 Hz and (B) 100 Hz. (i) slow I_Ks, fast I_Naf, and low-threshold I_CaT underlying five APs. The mark numbers (i.e., s1–s5) of the spikes from each pattern were indicated in the top panels. For pattern 1 (left panels), I_Ks, I_CaT, and I_Naf were measured from 5 APs after 1000 ms. For pattern 5, currents were measured from a burst after 1000 ms. (ii) percent change in K⁺ efflux from I_Ks during each spike. (iii) percent change in Na⁺ influx from I_Naf during each spike. (iv) percent change in Ca²⁺ influx from I_CaT during each spike.