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Schematic of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Ubiquitin is activated by E1 in the presence of ATP and transferred to E2 and then conjugated to a lysine or α-amino group of the substrate protein with the aid of E3. Polyubiquinated targets are recognized and degraded by the 26S proteasome, while the ubiquitin on the substrate can be erased by DUBs to protect it from degradation.
