Table 3.

Pediatric and adolescent diseases that were postulated to be associated with vitamin D serum concentrations due to their associations in observational studies

	References	Effect of vitamin D supplementation from RCTs
Diseases of the upper airway	[10, 14, 37–40, 51]	+ and −
Asthma bronchiale	[36, 52, 53]	+ and −
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder	[54–56]	−
Type I diabetes mellitus	[10, 14, 32–35]	No RCT performed
Type II diabetes mellitus	[10, 14, 44–50]	+ and −
High blood pressure	[10, 14, 41, 43]	−
Cardiac insufficiency	[10, 14]	−
Obesity	[10, 11, 14, 57–59]	No RCT performed
Multiple sclerosis	[60–63]	+ and −*

RCT randomized controlled trials, + RCT showed a positive effect from vitamin D supplementation on the studied parameter, − RCT showed no effect from vitamin D supplementation on the studied parameter

*Vitamin D had no effect on the frequency of multiple sclerosis relapses but a positive effect on the number of sclera on MRI