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. 2019 Apr 30;10:914. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00914

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Copyright © 2019 Kumar, Torben, Mansfield, Alvarez, Vande Stouwe, Li, Byrareddy, Didier, Pahar, Molina and Mohan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Changes in mRNA expression in the whole colon tissue of chronically SIV-infected rhesus macaques administered vehicle (VEH) or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC). Volcano plot shows the relationship between fold-change (X-axis) and statistical significance (Y-axis) of differentially expressed mRNAs in VEH/SIV (A) and THC/SIV (B) rhesus macaques relative to controls and in THC/SIV relative to VEH/SIV rhesus macaques (C). The vertical lines in (A–C) correspond to 2.0-fold up and down, respectively, and the horizontal line represents p ≤ 0.05. The negative log of statistical significance (p-value) (base 10) is plotted on the Y-axis, and the log of the fold change base (base 2) is plotted on the X-axis. All differentially expressed mRNAs listed in Supplementary Tables 5–10 are listed and highlighted with a black outer border in (A–C). RT-qPCR confirmation of OCLN (D), CLDN3 (E), and PPARγ (F) mRNA expression in the jejunal epithelium of THC/SIV compared to VEH/SIV rhesus macaques. The RT-qPCR analysis was performed twice, and the data were analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon's rank sum test for independent samples. The error bars represent standard error of mean fold change within each group.