Table 1.

Overview of primary brain regions implicated in applied tasks, and existing research examining transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) effects on each applied task category.

Applied task	Brain regions implicated	Existing tES research
Sustained attention	Lateral prefrontal cortices Parietal lobes Temporoparietal region	McIntire et al. (2014), Nelson et al. (2014), Mauri et al. (2015), Kasten et al. (2016) and Loffler et al. (2018)
Threat detection and identification	Lateral PFC Anterior cingulate cortex Amygdala	Clark et al. (2012) and McKinley et al. (2013)
Divided attention, multitasking	Dorsolateral PFC Intraparietal sulcus Posterior lateral PFC Cerebellum	Filmer et al. (2013a,b), Nelson et al. (2016), Hsu et al. (2017) and Hsu et al. (2018)
Navigation and wayfinding	Medial and right inferior parietal cortex Posterior cingulate cortex Left PFC Medial temporal region Parahippocampal gyrus Hippocampus Retrosplenial complex	Brunyé et al. (2014, 2018a) and Hampstead et al. (2014)
Vehicle driving	Dorsolateral PFC Pre-supplementary motor area Superior parietal cortex Lateral occipital cortex Cerebellum	Beeli et al. (2008a,b) and Sakai et al. (2014)