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. 2019 Apr 30;10:512. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00512

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Copyright © 2019 Pizzicannella, Gugliandolo, Orsini, Fontana, Ventrella, Mazzon, Bramanti, Diomede and Trubiani.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Gene expression of osteogenic markers and gene and protein expression for VEGF and VEGFR2 in vitro (n = 3). (A) Bar charts showed the gene expression for RUNX-2, COL1A1, BMP2/4, VEGF, and VEGFA in 3D-COL/hPDLSCs, 3D-COL/hPDLSCs/CM, 3D-COL/hPDLSCs/EVs, 3D-COL/hPDLSCs/PEI-EVs. Results showed the significant upregulation of these markers in 3D-COL/hPDLSCs/PEI-EVs compared to 3D-COL/hPDLSCs. (B) Protein specific bands and densitometric analysis of VEGFA and VEGFR2 in 3D-COL/hPDLSCs, 3D-COL/hPDLSCs/CM, 3D-COL/hPDLSCs/EVs, 3D-COL/hPDLSCs/PEI-EVs. Western blot analysis of VEGF and VEGFR2 in vitro evidenced increased levels for both proteins in 3D-COL/hPDLSCs/PEI-EVs compared to the other groups. ^∗p < 0.05 3D-COL/hPDLSCs/PEI-EVs compared to 3D-COL/hPDLSCs.