Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 7.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1109:21–32. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-02601-1_3

Fig. 3.1.

Fig. 3.1

Differentiation of human perivascular stem cells in vitro and stimulation of an osteochondrogenic program in vivo. (a, b) PSCs are a multipotent progenitor cell type in vitro. (a) Human PSCs were cultured in the presence of osteogenic differentiation medium. Frank confluent mineralization was observed among PSC under inductive culture conditions (Alizarin red staining shown). (b) Conversely, intracellular lipid accumulation can be visualized within PSC under appropriate adipogenic conditions (Oil red O staining shown). (c, d) PSC implantation in a rat spinal fusion model induces a combination of intramembranous and endochondral bone formation. (c) Woven bone formation, and prominent bone lining osteoblasts in areas of intramembranous bone formation by PSC. (d) Chondrocyte hypertrophy and mineralization in areas of endochondral bone formation induced by PSC. Scale bar: 25 um