Table 2.

Standardized incidence ratios for selected cancers in patients with a first-time hospital-based diagnosis of constipation in Denmark, 1978–2013

	0–1 year after constipation diagnosis			2–15 years after constipation diagnosis
Cancer site	O	E	SIR (95% CI)	O	E	SIR (95% CI)
Gastrointestinal cancers	1851	367.2	5.0 (4.8–5.3)	1658	1641.2	1.0 (1.0–1.1)
Colorectal cancers	1172	227.0	5.2 (4.9–5.5)	855	1022.6	0.8 (0.8–0.9)
Colon (incl. rectosigmoid cancers)	987	154.5	6.4 (6.0–6.8)	679	700.1	1.0 (0.9–1.1)
Rectum	185	72.6	2.6 (2.2–3.0)	176	322.5	0.6 (0.5–0.6)
Other gastrointestinal cancers	679	140.2	4.8 (4.5–5.2)	803	618.6	1.3 (1.2–1.4)
Esophagus	44	18.2	2.4 (1.8–3.3)	99	83.2	1.2 (1.0–1.5)
Stomach	138	38.0	3.6 (3.1–4.3)	179	155.2	1.2 (1.0–1.3)
Small intestine	38	3.7	10.2 (7.2–14)	36	17.5	2.1 (1.4–2.9)
Anal canal	9	4.0	2.3 (1.0–4.3)	29	20.7	1.4 (0.9–2.0)
Liver	64	15.2	4.2 (3.3–5.4)	115	68.0	1.7 (1.4–2.0)
Gall bladder and biliary tract	43	13.1	3.3 (2.4–4.4)	67	57.7	1.2 (0.9–1.5)
Pancreas	328	46.4	7.1 (6.3–7.9)	271	210.0	1.3 (1.1–1.5)
Other, poorly specified	15	1.6	9.7 (5.4–16)	7	6.4	1.1 (0.4–2.2)
Non-gastrointestinal cancers
Hormone-related cancers	859	404.4	2.1 (2.0–2.3)	1919	1999.3	1.0 (0.9–1.0)
Breast	192	172.4	1.1 (1.0–1.3)	972	952.6	1.0 (1.0–1.1)
Corpus uteri	48	33.5	1.4 (1.1–1.9)	137	175.5	0.8 (0.7–0.9)
Ovary	186	25.5	7.3 (6.3–8.4)	104	133.9	0.8 (0.6–0.9)
Prostate	420	164.6	2.6 (2.3–2.8)	646	685.7	0.9 (0.9–1.0)
Testes	5	2.8	1.8 (0.6–4.1)	19	20.1	1.0 (0.6–1.5)
Thyroid	8	5.5	1.5 (0.6–2.9)	41	31.6	1.3 (0.9–1.8)
Lymphomas	203	59.3	3.4 (3.0–3.9)	321	289.3	1.1 (1.0–1.2)
Hodgkin’s malignant lymphoma	9	3.2	2.8 (1.3–5.3)	23	21.0	1.1 (0.7–1.7)
Non-Hodgkin’s malignant lymphoma	194	56.1	3.5 (3.0–4.0)	298	268.4	1.1 (1.0–1.2)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; E, expected number of cases; O, observed number of cases; SIR, standardized incidence ratio.