Table 3.

Combination of antibiotics and AAD

Variables	AAD	NO AAD	P-value
No. of patients	63	80
Combination use of three or more antibiotics, n (%) a	38 (60.32)	31 (38.75)	0.012
Other antibiotics combined with antifungals antibiotics, n (%)b	52 (82.54)	51 (63.75)	0.015
Other antibiotics combined with anti-gram-positive bacteria antibiotics, n (%)c	26 (41.27)	32 (40.00)	0.878
Other antibiotics combined with anti-anaerobic bacteria antibiotics, n (%)d	10 (15.87)	12 (15.00)	0.886
Other antibiotics combined with azithromycin, n (%)	3 (4.76)	11 (13.75)	0.092
Combined or sequential use of carbapenem antibiotics and beta-lactam plus enzyme inhibitors antibiotics, n (%)e	26 (41.27)	20 (25.00)	0.048

Notes: Other antibiotics include one or more of the following antibiotics: Carbapenem, Betalactam plus enzyme inhibitor antibiotics, Antifungals, Cephalosporins, Quinolones, Glycopeptides, Oxazolidinones, Anti-anaerobic bacteria Antibiotics, Azithromycins. ^aCompare for Combination use of three or more antibiotics and Combination use of two antibiotics. ^bAntifungals antibiotics were azoles and echinocanins. ^cAnti-Gram-positive bacteria antibiotics were glycopeptides (Vancomycin, teicoplanin), Oxazolidinones (Linezolid). ^dAnti-anaerobic bacteria antibiotics were metronidazole. ^eThe beta-lactam plus enzyme inhibitor antibiotics were piperacillin-tazobactam and sulbactam-cefoperazone.

Abbreviation: AAD, antibiotic-associated diarrhea.