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. 2019 May 6;17:42. doi: 10.1186/s12964-019-0353-3

Fig. 9.

Fig. 9

A prospective model for clarifying the role and regulation of ATG5 and ATG7 on autophagy and ER stress. ATG5 and ATG7 induce autophagy, whereas repress ER stress and apoptosis through PERK signaling, one vital signal pathway of ER stress. “→” and “⊣” indicate activation and repression, respectively