Table 3.

comparison of biofilm formation and multi-drug resistance among CA-UTI and Com-UTI

	Organisms isolated from		P-value
CA-UTI (n=70)	Com-UTI (n=401)
Biofilm formation	75% (n=53)	24% (n=89)	0.0001
MDR	77% (n=54)	24% (n=98)	0.0001
MRSA	82% (n=29 out of 37)	13% (n=21 out of 157)	0.0001
VRE	33% (n=8 out of 24)	3% (n=7 out of 217)	0.0001

Note: The sensitivity of CRA and TM for biofilm formation was calculated using TCP as reference method. The sensitivity and specificity of CRA was 79% and 98.5% respectively, while that of TM was 81.9% and 98.5% (Table 4).

Abbreviations: CA-UTI , catheter-associated urinary tract infection; Com-UTI, community-acquired urinary tract infection; CRA, congo red agar; MDR, multi-drug resistant; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; TCP, tissue culture plate; TM, tube method; VRE, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci.