Table 2. Survival, Mortality, and Resuscitation Decisions for Infants With Birth Weight Less Than 400 g Born From 2008 to 2016.
| Variable | No./Total No. (%) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Infants, GA | Infants Who Received Active Treatment, GAa | |||||||||
| 22-23 wk | 24 wk | 25 wk | 26 wk | All | 22-23 wk | 24 wk | 25 wk | 26 wk | All | |
| All Births | ||||||||||
| No. | 129 | 35 | 24 | 17 | 205 | 36 | 28 | 21 | 16 | 101 |
| Survived to statusb | 6/129 (4.7) | 8/35 (23) | 7/24 (29) | 5/17 (29) | 26/205 (12.7) | 6/36 (17) | 8/28 (29) | 7/21 (33) | 5/16 (31) | 26/101 (25.7) |
| All deaths | 123/129 (95.3) | 27/35 (77) | 17/24 (71) | 12/17 (71) | 179/205 (87.3) | 30/36 (83) | 20/28 (71) | 14/21 (67) | 11/16 (69) | 75/101 (74.3) |
| Death within 12 h | 107/129 (82.9) | 17/35 (49) | 7/24 (29) | 3/17 (18) | 134/205 (65.4) | 15/36 (42) | 10/28 (36) | 4/21 (19) | 2/16 (13) | 31/101 (30.7) |
| Survived >12 h | 22/129 (17.1) | 18/35 (51) | 17/24 (71) | 14/17 (82) | 71/205 (34.6) | 21/36 (58) | 18/28 (64) | 17/21 (81) | 14/16 (88) | 70/101 (69.3) |
| Death before discharge | 16/22 (73) | 10/18 (56) | 10/17 (59) | 9/14 (64) | 45/71 (63) | 15/21 (71) | 10/18 (56) | 10/17 (59) | 9/14 (64) | 44/70 (63) |
| Age at death, median (IQR), d | 8 (3-10) | 4.5 (3-7) | 6 (4-10) | 13 (4-77) | 5 (3-10) | 9 (3-10) | 4.5 (3-7) | 6 (4-10) | 13 (4-77) | 6 (3-10.5) |
| All Births On or After April 1, 2011 | ||||||||||
| No. | 77 | 18 | 18 | 13 | 126 | 26 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 67 |
| Survived to statusb | 6/77 (8) | 3/18 (17) | 4/18 (22) | 4/13 (31) | 17/126 (13.5) | 6/26 (23) | 3/13 (23) | 4/15 (27) | 4/13 (31) | 17/67 (25) |
| Prenatal diagnosis associated with decision to limit intensive carec | 3/77 (4) | 2/18 (11) | 1/18 (6) | 0 | 6/126 (4.8) | 0 | 1/13 (8) | 0 | 0 | 1/67 (1) |
| All deaths | 71/77 (92) | 15/18 (83) | 14/18 (78) | 9/13 (69) | 109/126 (86.5) | 20/26 (77) | 10/13 (77) | 11/15 (73) | 9/13 (69) | 50/67 (75) |
| Death within 12 h | 61/77 (79) | 9/18 (50) | 4/18 (22) | 2/13 (15) | 76/126 (60.3) | 10/26 (38) | 4/13 (31) | 1/15 (7) | 2/13 (15) | 17/67 (25) |
| Treatments limited or withdrawn | 24/61 (39) | 4/9 (44) | 0 | 2/2 (100) | 30/76 (39) | 8/10 (80) | 2/4 (50) | 0 | 2/2 (100) | 12/17 (71) |
| Survived >12 h | 16/77 (21) | 9/18 (50) | 14/18 (78) | 11/13 (85) | 50/126 (39.7) | 16/26 (62) | 9/13 (69) | 14/15 (93) | 11/13 (85) | 50/67 (75) |
| Discussion to limit or withdraw supportd | 5/16 (31) | 7/9 (78) | 7/14 (50) | 4/11 (36) | 23/50 (46) | 5/16 (31) | 7/9 (78) | 7/14 (50) | 4/11 (36) | 23/50 (46) |
| Treatments limited or withdrawne | 4/16 (25) | 6/9 (67) | 7/14 (50) | 3/11 (27) | 20/50 (40) | 4/16 (25) | 6/9 (67) | 7/14 (50) | 3/11 (27) | 20/50 (40) |
| Death before discharge | 10/16 (63) | 6/9 (67) | 10/14 (71) | 7/11 (64) | 33/50 (66) | 10/16 (63) | 6/9 (67) | 10/14 (71) | 7/11 (64) | 33/50 (66) |
| Age at death, median (IQR), d | 5 (3-10) | 4 (2-5) | 6 (4-10) | 46 (4-108) | 5 (3-10) | 5 (3-10) | 4 (2-5) | 6 (4-10) | 46 (4-108) | 5 (3-10) |
Abbreviations: GA, gestational age; IQR, interquartile range.
Active treatment was defined as intubation, surfactant therapy, respiratory support, chest compressions, epinephrine, volume resuscitation, blood pressure support, or parenteral nutrition administration.
Survived to status includes all infants who were discharged home directly from the birth hospital (n = 20), discharged home after transfer to another hospital (n = 5), or remained in the hospital at 1 year (n = 1).
Data collection on prenatal diagnoses associated with a decision to withdraw or limit intensive care either prenatally or postnatally began on April 1, 2011.
Data collection of documented discussion with parents to limit, withdraw, or not escalate care for infants who survived more than 12 hours after birth began on April 1, 2011.
Data collection on treatments limited or withdrawn with the intent to limit care for infants who survived more than 12 hours after birth began on April 1, 2011, and included any of the following: intubation/ventilation, nutrition/hydration, and/or medication.