Table 3.
Nutrients consumed after school and daily among students in Massachusetts participating in the NOURISHa Study comparing baseline (2012) with 1 year after implementation (2013) of the Massachusetts competitive food standards and the US Department of Agriculture school meal standards
| Baseline |
After Implementation |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SEb)c |
Mean (SE)c |
Differenced |
P valuee |
|
| After schoolf | ||||
| Energy, kcal | 429 (58) | 337 (71) | −92 | 0.07 |
| Total fat, g | 9.3 (5.5) | 4.9 (5.9) | −4.4 | 0.12 |
| Saturated fat, g | 4.1 (1.0) | 2.7 (1.1) | −1.4 | 0.10 |
| Total sugar, g | 31 (5) | 21 (5) | −10 | 0.01 |
| Fiber, g | 3.7 (0.5) | 3.3 (0.6) | −0.4 | 0.28 |
| Sodium, mg | 434 (78) | 364 (85) | −70 | 0.30 |
| Daily | ||||
| Energy, kcal | 1,977 (132) | 1,852 (134) | −125 | 0.14 |
| Total fat, g | 73.5 (6.1) | 70.5 (6.2) | −3.0 | 0.54 |
| Saturated fat, g | 26.2 (2.6) | 23.8 (2.6) | −2.4 | 0.22 |
| Total sugar, g | 108 (11) | 86 (11) | −22 | 0.002 |
| Fiber, g | 16.0 (1.5) | 15.7 (1.5) | −0.3 | 0.66 |
| Sodium, mg | 3,379 (225) | 3,394 (229) | 15 | 0.97 |
NOURISH=Nutrition Opportunities to Understand Reforms Involving Student Health.
SE=standard error.
Calculated using least-squares mean regression.
Difference calculated by subtracting results after implementation from baseline (reference group).
Calculated using mixed-model analysis of variance, with school as a random effect and repeated measures among students, adjusting for lunch source (school meal or meal brought from home) for analyses of overall nutrient consumption.
Afterschool snacks were defined as foods eaten after the end of the school day and before dinner. The food sources for after-school snacks included home, school, restaurant/convenience store, after-school program, friend’s or relative’s house, and sports/entertainment venue. Data were analyzed among students who selected a school meal and/or a competitive food at school both before and after implementation.