Table 2.

Effect of Guanfacine Treatment on Primary and Secondary Outcomes

Outcome Measure	Placebo (n=40)	0.1 mg (n=40)	0.5 mg (n=39)
Prefrontal Executive Function (PEF6 z-score)
Unadjusted Baseline	0.039	−0.084	0.102
Unadjusted Week 12	0.305	0.053	0.303
Unadjusted Change	0.266	0.137	0.201
Adjusted Change	0.270	0.121	0.213
95% confidence interval	0.159, 0.380	0.011, 0.232	0.101, 0.324
p-Value*	––––	0.06	0.47
Quality of Life (SF-36-MCS)
Unadjusted Baseline	55.878	56.617	55.462
Unadjusted Week 12	55.985	55.677	54.638
Unadjusted Change	0.107	−0.940	−0.824
Adjusted Change	−0.083	−0.618	−0.960
95% confidence interval	−1.725, 1.559	−2.253, 1.017	−2.614, 0.694
p-Value*	––––	0.65	0.46
Global Function (ADCS-CGIC)
Worsened (%)	3 (7.5)	4 (10.0)	2 (5.1)
No Change (%)	25 (62.5)	20 (50.0)	22 (56.4)
Improved (%)	12 (30.0)	16 (40.0)	15 (38.5)
Odds Ratio	––––	1.43	1.46
p-Value**	––––	0.67	0.60

Notes: PEF6 z-score = the mean of z-scores for 6 executive function tasks (CANTAB: Spatial Working Memory, Stockings of Cambridge, Intradimensiona/Extradimensional Shift, Paired Associates Learning; Stroop Color Word Score, Trail Making Test B); SF-36-MCS = Mental Component Score of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (higher scores represent better mental health); ADCS-CGIC scores are for Week 12 compared to baseline. The seven-point scale was collapsed to 3 groups: improved (1–3), no-change (4), and worsening (5–7).

^*p-Values for regression coefficients representing the differences in least squares means between each dosing group and the placebo group. A multivariable linear regression model was employed, whose main predictor was medication treatment group, and whose covariates included baseline score, age, sex, and education.

^**p-Values for regression coefficients representing log odds ratios for each dosing group as compared to the placebo group. A multivariable proportional odds model was employed, whose main predictor is medication treatment group, and whose covariates include age, sex, and education.