Table 4.

Associations of urinary bisphenols and glucose levels among all participants (n = 1,841)^a.

Bisphenols	FPG		1 h-PG		2 h-PG		Sum of PG z-scores
	b (95% CI)	p	b (95% CI)	p	b (95% CI)	p	b (95% CI)	p
BPA
Per-unit increase in ln (SG-adj BPA)	0.00 (−0.01, 0.01)	0.95	−0.02 (−0.05, 0.02)	0.32	−0.01 (−0.04, 0.02)	0.43	−0.02 (−0.07, 0.03)	0.42
Low	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Medium	−0.04 (−0.09, 0.01)	0.12	−0.05 (−0.22, 0.11)	0.53	−0.01 (−0.14, 0.13)	0.94	−0.13 (−0.38, 0.13)	0.34
High	0.01 (−0.04, 0.06)	0.68	−0.05 (−0.22, 0.12)	0.55	0.00 (−0.14, 0.14)	0.99	−0.02 (−0.28, 0.24)	0.88
p for trend		0.39		0.62		0.98		0.94
BPS
Per–unit increase in ln (SG–adj BPS)	0.03 (0.01, 0.04)	<0.01*	0.04 (−0.01, 0.09)	0.09	0.01 (−0.03, 0.05)	0.54	0.07 (−0.00, 0.14)	0.05
Low	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Medium	0.03 (−0.02, 0.09)	0.20	0.13 (−0.04, 0.30)	0.14	−0.03 (−0.17, 0.11)	0.70	0.12 (−0.14, 0.37)	0.37
High	0.05 (−0.00, 0.10)	0.06	0.14 (−0.03, 0.31)	0.10	0.01 (−0.12, 0.15)	0.84	0.18 (−0.07, 0.44)	0.16
p for trend		0.11		0.21		0.70		0.22
BPAF
Per–unit increase in ln (SG–adj BPAF)	0.01 (−0.00, 0.03)	0.13	0.01 (−0.05, 0.08)	0.66	0.00 (−0.05, 0.05)	0.99	0.03 (−0.06, 0.12)	0.53
Low	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
High	0.05 (0.01, 0.09)	0.03*	0.04 (−0.11, 0.18)	0.64	0.05 (−0.07, 0.17)	0.39	0.15 (−0.07, 0.37)	0.19
p for trend		0.03*		0.64		0.39		0.19
BPF (n = 776)
Per–unit increase in ln (SG-adj BPF)	0.01 (−0.01, 0.02)	0.51	0.02 (−0.03, 0.08)	0.45	−0.02 (−0.06, 0.03)	0.42	0.01 (−0.08, 0.09)	0.87
Low	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Medium	0.01 (−0.08, 0.09)	0.90	−0.08 (−0.35, 0.20)	0.58	−0.18 (−0.40, 0.04)	0.12	−0.20 (−0.60, 0.21)	0.34
High	0.01 (−0.08, 0.10)	0.89	−0.07 (−0.34, 0.21)	0.64	−0.20 (−0.42, 0.02)	0.08	−0.18 (−0.59, 0.23)	0.38
p for trend		0.93		0.80		0.22		0.60

SG, specific gravity; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; PG, plasma glucose.

^aAdjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, educational levels, parity, passive smoking and fetal sex.

^*Significant p-value.