Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
Aorta, including the aortic arch |
The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (34) |
Tonometry |
Carotid-Femoral, Carotid-Radial |
The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study,(68) Framingham Heart Study, (Investigations Préventives et Cliniques,(3) Cardiovascular health in adolescents with type 1 diabetes,(29) Whitehall-II (8) |
Ultrasound |
Aorta-Femoral, Carotid-Femoral, Carotid (single-point) |
Bogalusa Heart Study ,(39) Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging ,(69) SardiNIA,(25) The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation Heart (27) |
Oscillometry |
Brachial-Ankle, Carotid-Femoral, Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), Brachial (single-point) |
The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (68) |
Photoplethysmography |
Carotid-Radial, Carotid-Ankle |
Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project (70) |
Impedance Cardiography |
Heart-Popliteal |
Young Finns Study (71) |