. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Trends Parasitol. 2018 Nov 13;35(1):85–95. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.10.004

Table 1:

Core and supplemental competencies of traditional integrated mosquito management and some precision control methodologies that could be foreseeable in relatively well-equipped mosquito control districts. Other precision competencies that are not yet feasible due to knowledge gaps or technical difficulties are also suggested as future improvements, which will require long-term actions.

	Core competencies
Traditional integrated mosquito management^*	1. Routine mosquito surveillance through standardized trapping and species identification	2. Treatment decisions using surveillance data	3. Larviciding, adulticiding or both	4. Routine vector control activities	5. Pesticide resistance testing
Precision mosquito control	• Smart traps • Interactive GIS maps • Time-series data collection • Spatial analysis • Citizen science • Data science • Mark-release recapture	• Advanced pesticide resistance testing • Mosquito population size • Advanced arbovirus detection • Mosquito population structure	• Targeting clusters of mosquito densities • Use of drones • Efficient chemical application • Resistance monitoring • Monitoring the impacts	• Geographic precision • Targeted control • Accurate surveillance data	• Unbiased phenotypic tests • Advanced molecular detection
Future improvements	• Population dynamics	• Mosquito fitness • Vector competence • Mosquito microbiome		• Evaluation of precision control capabilities	• Insecticide resistance and mosquito fitness • Insecticide resistance and vector competence • Field trials
Supplemental competencies
Traditional integrated mosquito management^*	6. Licenced pesticide application	7. Vector control activities other than chemical control	8. Community outreach and education campaigns regarding mosquito-borne diseases	9. Regular communication with local health departments regarding surveillance and epidemiology	10. Outreach with nearby vector control programs
Precision mosquito control	• Flexible regulation	• Geographic Precision	• Citizen science • Interactive GIS maps • Web developmennntnt	• Data science • Interactive GIS maps • Web development	• Data science • Citizen science • Flexible regulation

As defined by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) [16] using the CDC framework for vector control competency as guidance [65,66]