Table B1.

Precision–Stability Index (PSI).

PSI: Individual
Linguistic domain	Sign				Sign values
	No.	Description	Assessment mode a		Value	z Score b	Code c
Vowels			P	A
	1	Reduced dispersion of corner vowels from center		X
	2	Reduced dispersion of corner vowels from ^		X
	3	Reduced average pairwise distance of corner vowels		X
	4	Increased duration of corner vowels		X
	5	Increased duration for middle vowels and diphthongs		X
	6	Reduced % vowel phoneme target consistency	X
	7	Reduced % vowel target consistency	X
Consonants
	8	Reduced % correct glides	X
	9	Increased relative distortion index: sibilants	X
	10	Reduced % dentalized sibilants of distorted sibilants	X
	11	Increased relative distortion index for early consonants	X
	12	Decreased first moment on /s/ initial singletons		X
	13	Increased sqrt of the second moment for /s/ initial singletons		X
	14	Increased sqrt of the second moment for /s/ initial, and /s/ and /z/ final singletons		X
	15	Increased all consonant–consonant duration		X
Vowels and consonants
	16	Increased Diacritic Modification Index (DMI) class: place %	X
	17	Increased DMI class: duration %	X
	18	Increased % of epenthesis errors	X
Phrasing
	19	Increased PM errors: % of addition, breath, repeat, or long	X
Rate
	20	Reduced syllables per second (without pauses)		X
	21	Increased syllable length in ms (without pauses)		X
Stress
	22	Increased % of prosody-voice (PV) 15/16 EE (excessive/equal stress) codes of all coded utterances without fast/acceleration (uncircled and circled)	X
	23	Increased % of PV15/16 EE codes of all PV15/16 codes (uncircled and circled)	X
Loudness
	24	Decreased intensity difference, dB fricative + vowel		X
Pitch
	25	Decreased F0 for all vowels and diphthongs		X
	26	Decreased range of characteristic F0 for delimited vowels/diphthongs		X
Laryngeal quality
	27	Increased % jitter for vowels b		X
	28	Increased % shimmer for vowels b		X
	29	Decreased HNR dB for vowels		X
Resonance quality
	30	Increased % voice quality resonance wrong	X
	31	Decreased F1 /a/ (nasal)		X
	32	Decreased F2 for high vowels (nasopharyngeal)		X
No. of positive signs
No. of signs with data
Average sign z score
Signs score

Note. PM = Pause Marker. Sqrt = square root; HNR = harmonics-to-noise ratio.

^a A = acoustic; P = perceptual.

^b z scores referenced to age–sex matched typically developing speakers (Potter et al., 2012; Scheer-Cohen et al., 2013).

^c Code: 0 = not positive on variable; 1 = positive on variable (z score ≤ 1.25). z scores reversed for increased.