Fig. 1.

PHD2 deficiency promotes HIF-α accumulation and VEGF-A expression in retinal astrocytes. (A) Quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) analysis for PHD2, VEGF-A and EPO. Total RNA used for qPCR was isolated from primary retinal astrocytes cultured from neonatal mice (P3). All data points were normalized against β-actin values. (B) ELISA for VEGF-A and EPO. Conditioned media from retinal astrocyte cultures were collected and assayed with VEGF and EPO ELISA kits. (C) Western blotting of nuclear extracts isolated from cultured retinal astrocytes. For quantification, PHD2, HIF-1α and HIF-2α signals were normalized to that of α-actin. n=5 mice/group. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.