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. 2019 May 7;16(5):e1002793. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002793

Table 3. Psychological variables at baseline and 12 months.

Control (n = 129) Intervention (n = 124) Between-group differences
Variable Baseline 12 mo Baseline 12 mo Mean diff 95% CI
Satisfaction with weight outcomes (15) 4.0 (1.2) 2.7 (1.4) 4.0 (1.1) 3.2 (1.5) −0.65 −1.0 to −0.3*
Healthy eating self-efficacy (14) 2.8 (0.6) 2.6 (0.7) 2.9 (0.6) 2.9 (0.7) −0.30 −0.48 to −0.15*
Physical activity self-efficacy (14) 2.9 (0.8) 2.8 (0.8) 3.0 (0.7) 2.9 (0.7) −0.09 −0.25 to 0.07
Healthy eating perceived behavioural control (17) 5.1 (1.2) 4.9 (1.4) 5.5 (1.2) 5.5 (1.4) −0.46 −0.77 to −0.15*
Physical activity perceived behavioural control (17) 4.6 (1.5) 4.6 (1.7) 4.7 (1.5) 4.7 (1.8) −0.17 −0.55 to 0.25*
Weight loss confidence (17) 5.2 (1.3) 4.3 (1.6) 5.5 (1.3) 5.0 (1.7) −0.59 −0.99 to −0.18*
WLM confidence (1–7) 4.2 (1.6) 4.1 (1.7) 4.3 (1.5) 5.2 (1.7) −1.10 1.49 to −0.68*
Action planning (healthy eating; 1–4) 3.1 (0.9) 2.9 (1.0) 3.3 (0.7) 3.1 (0.9) −0.24 −0.48 to −0.01*
Coping planning (healthy eating; 1–4) 2.6 (0.9) 2.5 (1.0) 2.8 (0.9) 2.8 (0.9) −0.32 −0.52 to −0.11
Action planning (physical activity; 1–4) 2.7 (1.1) 2.1 (1.0) 2.9 (1.0) 2.4 (1.0) −0.25 −0.49 to −0.02*
Coping planning (physical activity; 1–4) 2.2 (0.9) 2.1 (1.0) 2.2 (1.0) 2.4 (1.0) −0.28 −0.50 to −0.05
Automaticity (healthy eating; 1–4) 2.6 (0.8) 2.7 (0.9) 2.7 (0.8) 3.0 (0.8) −0.21 −0.39 to −0.02
Automaticity (physical activity; 1–4) 2.4 (0.9) 2.4 (1.0) 2.4 (0.9) 2.7 (0.9) −0.19 −0.39 to 0.01
Automaticity (self-weighing; 1–4) 2.7 (1.0) 2.7 (1.0) 2.7 (1.1) 3.1 (1.0) −0.43 −0.64 to −0.19*
Regulatory focus (promotion; 6–30) 20.7 (3.3) 20.7 (3.6) 21.4 (3.4) 20.9 (3.3) 0.12 −0.57 to 0.86*
Regulatory focus (prevention; 5–25) 17.5 (3.8) 17.7 (4.0) 17.2 (3.8) 17.3 (3.6) 0.04 −0.58 to 0.69*
Ego depletion (12–60) 31.3 (9.0) 34.2 (9.4) 29.9 (8.4) 32.1 (10.0) 1.54 −0.53 to 3.60
Social support (6–36) 24.6 (5.4) 24.0 (5.9) 25.5 (4.5) 24.5 (5.8) −0.31 −1.46 to 0.85*

Values are mean (SD). Between-group comparisons were carried out using multiple regression analyses, adjusted for baseline, stratification variables, and index of multiple deprivation. Boldface indicates statistical significance.

*As the residuals were non-normally distributed, this is a bias-corrected and accelerated CI obtained using bootstrapping.

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval; WLM, weight loss maintenance.