Table 1. Clinical characteristics of South Asian and European participants.
Results are presented as mean (SD) and percentages (%) for continuous and categorical variables respectively. P-values are determined from the independent student t-test (continuous variables) and Fisher’s exact test (categorical variables).
| Europeans | South Asians | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p | |
| N | 183 | 500 | |
| Age (years) | 59.3 (10.1) | 56.4 (9.0) | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 42.7 | 53.1 | 0.02 |
| Type 2 Diabetes (%) | 5.9 | 17.7 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 25.9 | 35.7 | 0.01 |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 6.5 | 8.3 | 0.4 |
| Height (cm) | 167.9 (8.8) | 164.0 (9.4) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 78.7 (15.3) | 74.1 (14.5) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.8 (4.9) | 27.4 (4.6) | 0.3 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 96.3 (12.6) | 96.9 (11.7) | 0.5 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 104.3 (9.2) | 101.9 (8.4) | 0.001 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.92 (0.08) | 0.95 (0.08) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131.3 (17.6) | 132.6 (17.4) | 0.4 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.0 (9.9) | 79.2 (10.1) | 0.2 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.20 (0.97) | 4.95 (1.01) | 0.002 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.18 (0.55) | 1.46 (0.86) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.69 (0.45) | 1.44 (0.42) | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.98 (0.91) | 2.85 (0.90) | 0.07 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 5.28 (1.08) | 5.87 (1.87) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.70 (0.66) | 6.21 (1.16) | <0.001 |
| Insulin (mmol/l) | 9.79 (6.16) | 13.59 (9.39) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR (mmol/l) | 2.38 (1.71) | 3.71 (3.10) | <0.001 |