Table 5.
Occurrence of methylene chloride, toluene, and xylenes in consumer products (units: ppb otherwise indicated)*
| Category | Samples | Sample number (n) | Methylene chloride | Toluene | o-xylene | m-xylene | p-xylene | Method | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indoor air | Residence indoor air | 284 | NA | 5.33–7.08 | 0.58–0.76 | 1.52–2.10 | GC/MS | [43] | |
| Newly built house indoor air (< 1yr) | 4 | NA | 0.80–23.35 | 3.22–66.55 | TD-GC/FID | [73] | |||
| Elementary school indoor air | 1 | NA | 0.6–2.2 | 1.1–2.2 | GC/MS | [74] | |||
| Scented candles (before lighting) | 6 | NA | 0.01–10.3 | 0.01–0.01 | 0.01–0.32 | 0.01–0.01 | TD–GC/MS | [75] | |
| Scented candles (after lighting) | 6 | NA | 0.01–1.58 | 0.01–0.01 | 0.01–0.04 | 0.01–0.01 | TD–GC/MS | [75] | |
| New cars (leather trim, <4 month) | 3 | NA | 0.08–0.09 | ND | ND | GC/MS | [44] | ||
| New cars (fabric trim, <4 month) | 3 | NA | 0.48–0.69 | 0.88–1.20 | 1.75–2.53 | GC/MS | [44] | ||
| Drinks | Household drinking water (Taiwan) | 131 | ND-21.08 ppm | ND-16.77 ppm | NA | NA | NA | GC/MS | [76] |
| Household drinking water (Kuwait) | 624 | NA | ND-490.91 | ND-133.58 | GC/MS | [77] | |||
| Bottled water (various countries) | 71 | NA | ND-313.12 | ND-117.34 | GC/MS | [77] | |||
| Sports beverages (PET bottled) | 6 | NA | 0.27–25.9 ppt | 0.11–0.61 ppt | NA | NA | HS/SPME-GC/MS | [78] | |
| Foods | American cheese (USA market) | 3–11 | NA | 17–255 | 3–4 | 4–112 | GC/MS | [79] | |
| Cheddar cheese (USA market) | 7–13 | NA | 7–1300 | ND | 5–43 | GC/MS | [79] | ||
| Pork bacon (USA market) | 1–14 | NA | 12–230 | 2 | 5–25 | GC/MS | [79] | ||
| Olive/safflower oil (USA market) | 3–7 | NA | 6–32 | 6–23 | 2–110 | GC/MS | [79] | ||
| Scrambled eggs (USA market) | 2–8 | NA | 4–100 | ND | 2–4 | GC/MS | [79] | ||
| Fruit-flavored cereal (USA market) | 3–6 | NA | 3–140 | ND | 4–7 | GC/MS | [79] | ||
| Cereal products (Belgian market) | NA | NA | ND-71.8 | ND-3.5 | NA | NA | HS-GC/MS | [80] | |
| Plastic | Wrapping Films (PVC polymer) | 3 | NA | 3.70–3.77 ppm | 12.90–13.50 ppm | 23.51–24.59 ppm | 2.16–2.26 ppm | HS/SPME-GC/MS | [81] |
*
Data were adopted from previous studies.
FID, flame ionization detection; GC, gas chromatography; HS, headspace analysis; MS, mass spectrometry; NA, not available; ND, not detected; SPME, solid phase micro extraction; TD, thermal desorption