Table I.
Unadjusted and adjusted associations of respiratory viruses (exposure) with nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles (outcome) in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis
| Model and virus category | Microbiota profile |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Haemophilus-dominant (n = 133) |
P value |
Moraxella-dominant (n = 167) |
P value | Mixed profile (n = 239) |
P value |
Streptococcus-dominant (n = 235) |
|
| RRR (95% CI) | RRR (95% CI) | RRR (95% CI) | RRR (95% CI) | ||||
| Unadjusted model | |||||||
| RSV-only (n = 580) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| RV-A (n = 91) | 5.62 (2.79-11.30) | <.001 | 2.22 (1.04-4.73) | .04 | 2.74 (1.39-5.39) | .004 | Reference |
| RV-B (n = 12) | 7.30 (0.75-71.21) | .09 | 6.79 (0.75-61.46) | .09 | 4.59 (0.51-41.50) | .17 | Reference |
| RV-C (n = 91) | 2.18 (1.08-4.40) | .03 | 2.41 (1.29-4.53) | .006 | 1.69 (0.91-3.13) | .09 | Reference |
| Adjusted model∗ | |||||||
| RSV-only (n = 580) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| RV-A (n = 91) | 5.67 (2.76-11.67) | <.001 | 2.26 (1.05-4.89) | .04 | 2.74 (1.38-5.44) | .004 | Reference |
| RV-B (n = 12) | 7.50 (0.74-76.08) | .09 | 5.72 (0.62-52.71) | .12 | 4.73 (0.52-43.04) | .17 | Reference |
| RV-C (n = 91) | 1.81 (0.86-3.81) | .12 | 2.69 (1.39-5.20) | .003 | 1.57 (0.83-2.96) | .17 | Reference |
RRR, Relative rate ratio.
∗
Multinomial logistic regression model adjusting for 8 patient-level covariates (age, sex, race/ethnicity, gestational age, siblings in the household, breast-feeding, history of breathing problems, and lifetime history of systemic antibiotic use). RSV-only infection was used as the reference of exposure (virus category), and Streptococcus-dominant microbiota profile was used as the reference for the outcome (nasopharyngeal microbiota profile).