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. 2019 May 1;14:3177–3188. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S188842

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© 2019 Song et al.

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(A) The photographs of normal and rheumatoid arthritis ankles and the diameter and girth-time profiles of rheumatoid arthritis ankles injected with 150 and 200 μL of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). (B) The rat weight, diameter, and girth-time profiles with different treatments. (*P < 0.05 vs negative control group and +P < 0.05 vs normal control) (C) The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and inflammation cytokines after 24 days of treatment. (*P < 0.05 vs negative control group and +P < 0.05 vs normal control) (Red triangle: the time of modeling, blue triangle: the time of treatment).

Abbreviations: E, ethosome; TE1, transethosomes (ethosome containing sodium deoxycholate (TE1)); AS-TE, antioxidant surface transethosome.